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A multi-objective integrated PID controller combined with NSGA-III for minimizing congestion in WSNs

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Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks have an event-driven nature that includes a colossal count of sensors to generate unpredictable network traffic that causes network congestion Due to immoderate congestion packets remain in the queue for a longer period. This incites increased packet delay and packet losses. Existing congestion control strategies are either inelastic or have limited elasticity. Numerous elastic approaches, such as Cuckoo Fuzzy PID (CFPID), PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-neural PID, and PSO Fuzzy PID have been introduced using meta-heuristics and evolutionary algorithms; nevertheless, these are slow and prematurely converge, indicating an NP-hard problem. Moreover, Multi-objective Proportional Integral Derivative (MPID) is articulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, which is followed by many researchers but suffers from overshoot defects. To address these issues, the hybrid controller is proposed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III and MPID called N3-MPID to optimize the data transmission rate for the source node. The four indirect objectives that are Integral Square Error, Integral Absolute Error, Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error, and Integral of Time multiplied Square Error are taken to design a novel optimal MPID fitness function. To merge these objectives into a single goal, an equally weighted procedure is adopted that is efficient and well-distributed. The proposed technique is simulated using a Network Simulator and is compared with CFPID using principal metrics. Simulation results depict that the N3-MPID outflanks existing algorithms by an 11.76% increase in packet delivery ratio while minimizing packet loss, average delay, and deviation of queue length by 43.16%, 20.55%, and 15.05%, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Kabeer Ahmed Bhatti

  2. Department of Computer Science, Comsats University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Sohail Asghar

  3. Department of Information Technology, Technological Research Solutions Pvt Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Bilal Rauf

  4. Department of Computer Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Imran Ali Qureshi

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  1. Kabeer Ahmed Bhatti
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  2. Sohail Asghar
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  3. Bilal Rauf
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  4. Imran Ali Qureshi
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This article is read and approved by all authors.

- KAB designed and planned the study. Further, prepare a write-up and compile the article

- SA supervised and conceived the idea. He also critically reviewed the article.

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Correspondence to Kabeer Ahmed Bhatti.

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Bhatti, K.A., Asghar, S., Rauf, B. et al. A multi-objective integrated PID controller combined with NSGA-III for minimizing congestion in WSNs. Wireless Netw 30, 1423–1439 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03579-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03579-z

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