Abstract
The present study evaluated the performance of the fungus Trichoderma reesei to tolerate and biodegrade the herbicide diuron in its agrochemical presentation in agar plates, liquid culture, and solid-state fermentation. The tolerance of T. reesei to diuron was characterized through a non-competitive inhibition model of the fungal radial growth on the PDA agar plate and growth in liquid culture with glucose and ammonium nitrate, showing a higher tolerance to diuron on the PDA agar plate (inhibition constant 98.63 mg L−1) than in liquid culture (inhibition constant 39.4 mg L−1). Diuron biodegradation by T. reesei was characterized through model inhibition by the substrate on agar plate and liquid culture. In liquid culture, the fungus biotransformed diuron into 3,4-dichloroaniline using the amide group from the diuron structure as a carbon and nitrogen source, yielding 0.154 mg of biomass per mg of diuron. A mixture of barley straw and agrolite was used as the support and substrate for solid-state fermentation. The diuron removal percentage in solid-state fermentation was fitted by non-multiple linear regression to a parabolic surface response model and reached the higher removal (97.26%) with a specific aeration rate of 1.0 vkgm and inoculum of 2.6 × 108 spores g−1. The diuron removal in solid-state fermentation by sorption on barley straw and agrolite was discarded compared to the removal magnitude of the biosorption and biodegradation mechanisms of Trichoderma reesei. The findings in this work about the tolerance and capability of Trichoderma reesei to remove diuron in liquid and solid culture media demonstrate the potential of the fungus to be implemented in bioremediation technologies of herbicide-polluted sites.
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The authors wish to thank the Mexican National Science and Technology Council (CONACYT) for financial support (Research grant No. CVU:782523).
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This study was conducted with the resources and infrastructure of the laboratory of the Environmental Biotechnology investigation group of the Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca without external financial support.
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Credit authors statement:Alejandro Reyes-Cervantes: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing-Original Draft. Diana Laura Robles-Morales: Supervision, Methodology, Validation.Edgar Noe Tec-Caamal: Methodology, Visualization, Modelling.Angélica Jiménez-González: Supervision, Visualization, Methodology, Resources, Validation, .Sergio Alejandro Medina-Moreno: Validation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Modelling, Resources, Writing-Review & Editing, Project administration.
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Reyes-Cervantes, A., Robles-Morales, D.L., Tec-Caamal, E.N. et al. Performance evaluation of Trichoderma reseei in tolerance and biodegradation of diuron herbicide in agar plate, liquid culture and solid-state fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 137 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03931-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03931-1