Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in healthcare systems and are prominently associated with applying urethral catheters, particularly in surgeries. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is extensively utilized in the fabrication of catheters. Biofilms, complex polymeric constructions, provide a protective milieu for cell multiplication and the enhancement of antibiotic resistance. Strategies to counteract biofilm development on medical apparatuses' surfaces incorporate antimicrobial agents such as N,N-dodecyl, and methyl polyethylenimine (DMPEI). This research endeavored to characterize the morphology of PVC and PVC-DMPEI surfaces utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and to gauge hydrophobicity through contact angle measurements. Employing Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans in adhesion assays enabled the assessment of DMPEI’s efficacy in preventing microbial adherence to PVC. Butanol successfully solubilized 2 mg.mL−1 DMPEI without altering the PVC structure. SEM results substantiated the formation of a DMPEI layer on the PVC surface, which led to decreased surface roughness, as validated by AFM, and increased hydrophilicity, as demonstrated by contact angle evaluations. E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans exhibited significant adhesion reduction, 89.3%, 94.3%, and 86.6% on PVC-DMPEI surfaces. SEM visualizations confirmed reduced cellular colonization on PVC-DMPEI and highlighted considerable morphological modifications in E. coli. Consequently, DMPEI films effectively minimize the adhesion of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans on PVC surfaces. DMPEI, with its potential as a protective coating for innovative medical devices, promises to inhibit biofilm adherence effectively.
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All original data of this article are available in the repository of the Bioprocess and Macromolecular Purification Laboratory (PROBIOTECMACRO) at the Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei, Brazil.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Prof. Alexander M. Klibanov from MIT for the DMPEI donation and Prof. Alexsandro S. Galdino for the catheter pictures. The authors are grateful to the Minas Gerais Research Foundation (FAPEMIG), The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES – Finance code 001) The Funding Authority for Studies and Projects (FINEP—01.18.0156.00 (0054/16). FAPEMIG APQ-00855–19 funded this work.
Funding
Minas Gerais Research Foundation,APQ-00855-19,Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel,001,Funding Authority for Studies and Projects,01.18.0156.00 (0054/16)
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VST: Validation; Investigation; Formal analysis; Writing—Original Draft. YKDA: Investigation; Formal analysis. FGS: Investigation; Formal analysis. LFC: Investigation; Formal analysis. GNP: Investigation; Formal analysis. JAS: Supervision; Formal analysis. CBSF: Supervision; Formal analysis. RDS: Supervision; Formal analysis; Writing. JMG: Conceptualization; Resources; Project administration; Writing—Review & Editing; Formal analysis; Supervision. PAG: Conceptualization; Resources; Funding acquisition; Project administration; Writing—Review & Editing; Formal analysis; Supervision. JMG and PAG: contributed equally.
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Tarabal, V.S., Abud, Y.K.D., da Silva, F.G. et al. Effect of DMPEI coating against biofilm formation on PVC catheter surface. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03799-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03799-7