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How Does the Persistent Organic Pollutant Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Affect Health of the Common Carp?

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Abstract

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8F17SO3; CAS No. 2795–39-3), an industrial persistent organic pollutant, has been known with significant bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of PFOS on the aquatic model vertebrate common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L PFOS during 96 h and 21 days. There were two control groups: control (only fish) and solvent control (DMSO and fish). After exposure times, the blood samples and tissues (gill, liver, muscle, brain, and kidney) were taken from the fish. The physiological (hematocrit) and genotoxic (micronucleus) parameters were done with the blood samples. The biochemical parameters (the advanced oxidative protein products, AOPP and glutathione, GSH) were done with the muscle, gill, brain, and liver samples. While the micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities increased, the hematocrit values decreased in the 1 mg/L PFOS-exposed groups during 96 h and 21 days. The AOPP values of the muscle, gill, brain, and liver tissues significantly changed in PFOS-exposed groups at both exposure times (P < 0.05). Unlike AOPP, glutathione levels of gill did not change in both PFOS-exposed groups at 96 h (P > 0.05). Histopathological changes were seen in the gill, liver, and kidney tissues after exposure to PFOS. Therefore, even low concentrations of PFOS have genotoxic, biochemical, and histopathological effects on carp. The results help to understand the early toxicological effects of PFOS in freshwater ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Gazi University Academic Writing Application and Research Center for proofreading the article (Certificate number: 03.03.2023/0035).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Türkiye

    Pınar Arslan

  2. Environmental Health and Environmental Sciences Program, Health Services Vocational School, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye

    Göktuğ Gül

  3. Biology Education Department, Faculty of Gazi Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye

    Aysel Çağlan Günal

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  1. Pınar Arslan
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  2. Göktuğ Gül
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PA and ACG conceptualization; PA, GG, and ACG methodology; ACG supervision; PA and ACG writing—review and editing.

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Arslan, P., Gül, G. & Günal, A.Ç. How Does the Persistent Organic Pollutant Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Affect Health of the Common Carp?. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 634 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06651-8

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