Abstract
With the wide application of dyes in various fields, the environmental and health problems caused by dye pollution gradually attracted the attention of researchers. It is particularly important to find a kind of activated carbon with high adsorption performance and low cost. The activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by KOH activating soybean straw (SS). The resultant SSAC exhibited a super high specific surface area of 1906.87 m2/g, abundant micropores volume of 0.541 cm3/g, and mesopores volume of 0.625 cm3/g, respectively. The analysis results of FT-IR and XPS show that the main mechanism is that the C-O and O-C=O groups on the surface of SSAC are connected with the N atoms in methylene blue (MB) molecule through a hydrogen bond, accompanied by physical adsorption. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 2080.50 mg/g was obtained by the Langmuir model fitted batch adsorption experimental data. The fixed bed experiment showed that the adsorption capacity was 965.72 mg/g. After three batch and fixed bed adsorption/desorption cycles, the regeneration adsorption efficiency was 85.17 % and 81.33 %, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Alshabib, M., Oluwadamilare, M. A., Tanimu, A., Abdulazeez, I., Alhooshani, K., & Ganiyu, S. A. (2021). Experimental and DFT investigation of ceria-nanocomposite decorated AC derived from groundnut shell for efficient removal of methylene-blue from wastewater effluent. Applied Surface Science, 536, 147749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147749
Alulema-Pullupaxi, P., Espinoza-Montero, P. J., Sigcha-Pallo, C., Vargas, R., Fernandez, L., Peralta-Hernandez, J. M., & Paz, J. L. (2021). Fundamentals and applications of photoelectrocatalysis as an efficient process to remove pollutants from water: A review. Chemosphere, 281, 130821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130821
Arrigo, R., Havecker, M., Wrabetz, S., Blume, R., Lerch, M., McGregor, J., Parrott, E. P. J., Zeitler, J. A., Gladden, L. F., Knop-Gericke, A., Schlogl, R., & Su, D. S. (2010). Tuning the acid/base properties of nanocarbons by functionalization via amination. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 9616–9630. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja910169v
Bandehali, S., Parvizian, F., Ruan, H., Moghadassi, A., Shen, J., Figoli, A., Adeleye, A. S., Hilal, N., Matsuura, T., Drioli, E., & Hosseini, S. M. (2021). A planned review on designing of high-performance nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes for pollutants removal from water. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 101, 78–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.022
Bulut, E., Özacar, M., & Şengil, İ. A. (2008). Adsorption of malachite green onto bentonite: Equilibrium and kinetic studies and process design. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 115, 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.01.039
Chen, S., Yue, Q., Gao, B., Li, Q., Xu, X., & Fu, K. (2012). Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by modified corn stalk: A fixed-bed column study. Bioresource Technology, 113, 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.110
Cui, L., Wang, Y., Gao, L., Hu, L., Yan, L., Wei, Q., & Du, B. (2015). EDTA functionalized magnetic graphene oxide for removal of Pb (II), Hg (II) and Cu (II) in water treatment: Adsorption mechanism and separation property. Chemical Engineering Journal, 281, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.043
de Souza, C. C., Ciriano, M. R., da Silva, E. F., de Oliveira, M. A., da Silva Bezerra, A. C., Dumont, M. R., da Silva, A. C., & Machado, A. R. T. (2021). Activated carbon obtained from cardboard tube waste of immersion thermocouple and adsorption of methylene blue. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01428-7
Egbosiuba, T. C., Abdulkareem, A. S., Tijani, J. O., Ani, J. I., Krikstolaityte, V., Srinivasan, M., Veksha, A., & Lisak, G. (2021). Taguchi optimization design of diameter-controlled synthesis of multi walled carbon nanotubes for the adsorption of Pb (II) and Ni (II) from chemical industry wastewater. Chemosphere, 266, 128937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128937
Figueiredo, J. L., Pereira, M. F. R., & Freitas, M. M. A. (1999). Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbons. Carbon, 37, 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00333-9
Foo, K. Y., & Hameed, B. H. (2012). Preparation, characterization and evaluation of adsorptive properties of orange peel based activated carbon via microwave induced K2CO3 activation. Bioresource Technology, 104, 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.005
Gao, B., Yu, H., Wen, J., Zeng, H., Liang, T., Zuo, F., & Cheng, C. (2021). Super-adsorbent poly (acrylic acid)/laponite hydrogel with ultrahigh mechanical property for adsorption of methylene blue. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9, 106346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106346
Gunay Gurer, A., Aktas, K., Ozkaleli Akcetin, M., Erdem Unsar, A., & Asilturk, M. (2021). Adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetic modeling of methylene blue onto novel carbonaceous adsorbent derived from bitter orange peels. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 232, 138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05090-7
Guo, N., Li, M., Wang, Y., Sun, X., Wang, F., & Yang, R. (2016). Soybean root-derived hierarchical porous carbon as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors in ionic liquids. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8, 33626–33634. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b11162
Ighalo, J. O., Iwuozor, K. O., Igwegbe, C. A., & Adeniyi, A. G. (2021). Verification of pore size effect on aqueous-phase adsorption kinetics: A case study of methylene blue. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 626, 127119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127119
Islam, M. A., Ahmed, M. J., Khanday, W. A., Asif, M., & Hameed, B. H. (2017). Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from NaOH activation of rattan (Lacosperma secundiflorum) hydrochar for methylene blue removal. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 138, 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.010
Kumar, A., & Jena, H. M. (2016). Removal of methylene blue and phenol onto prepared activated carbon from Fox nutshell by chemical activation in batch and fixed-bed column. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 1246–1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.177
Kumar, D., & Gaur, J. P. (2011). Chemical reaction- and particle diffusion-based kinetic modeling of metal biosorption by a Phormidium sp.-dominated cyanobacterial mat. Bioresource Technology, 102, 633–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.014
Li, J., Holze, R., Moyo, S., Wang, S., Li, S., Tang, T., & Chen, X. (2021). Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon derived from natural resources for highly efficient treatment of polluted water. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33, 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00527-6
Li, L., Wu, M., Song, C., Liu, L., Gong, W., Ding, Y., & Yao, J. (2021). Efficient removal of cationic dyes via activated carbon with ultrahigh specific surface derived from vinasse wastes. Bioresource Technology, 322, 124540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124540
Li, Y., Li, Y., Zang, H., Chen, L., Meng, Z., Li, H., Ci, L., Du, Q., Wang, D., Wang, C., Li, H., & Xia, Y. (2020). ZnCl2-activated carbon from soybean dregs as a high efficiency adsorbent for cationic dye removal: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Environmental Technology, 41, 2013–2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1554006
Li, Z., Wang, G., Zhai, K., He, C., Li, Q., & Guo, P. (2018). Methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by loofah sponge-based porous carbons. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 538, 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.046
Liu, Z., Sun, Y., Xu, X., Meng, X., Qu, J., Wang, Z., Liu, C., & Qu, B. (2020). Preparation, characterization and application of activated carbon from corn cob by KOH activation for removal of Hg (II) from aqueous solution. Bioresource Technology, 306, 123154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123154
Maneerung, T., Liew, J., Dai, Y., Kawi, S., Chong, C., & Wang, C.-H. (2016). Activated carbon derived from carbon residue from biomass gasification and its application for dye adsorption: Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies. Bioresource Technology, 200, 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.047
Marrakchi, F., Auta, M., Khanday, W. A., & Hameed, B. H. (2017). High-surface-area and nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon material from fishery waste for effective adsorption of methylene blue. Powder Technology, 321, 428–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.08.023
Medhat, A., El-Maghrabi, H. H., Abdelghany, A., Abdel Menem, N. M., Raynaud, P., Moustafa, Y. M., Elsayed, M. A., & Nada, A. A. (2021). Efficiently activated carbons from corn cob for methylene blue adsorption. Applied Surface Science Advances, 3, 100037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2020.100037
Miao, Q., Tang, Y., Xu, J., Liu, X., Xiao, L., & Chen, Q. (2013). Activated carbon prepared from soybean straw for phenol adsorption. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 44, 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2012.12.006
Mouni, L., Belkhiri, L., Bollinger, J.-C., Bouzaza, A., Assadi, A., Tirri, A., Dahmoune, F., Madani, K., & Remini, H. (2018). Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by adsorption on kaolin: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Applied Clay Science, 153, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.034
Nasrullah, A., Khan, A. S., Bhat, A. H., Din, I. U., Inayat, A., Muhammad, N., Bakhsh, E. M., & Khan, S. B. (2021). Effect of short time ball milling on physicochemical and adsorption performance of activated carbon prepared from mangosteen peel waste. Renewable Energy, 168, 723–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.12.077
Nguyen, L. H., Vu, T. M., Le, T. T., Trinh, V. T., Tran, T. P., & Van, H. T. (2019). Ammonium removal from aqueous solutions by fixed-bed column using corncob-based modified biochar. Environmental Technology, 40, 683–692. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1404134
Oguz, E., & Ersoy, M. (2010). Removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution by adsorption in a fixed bed column and neural network modelling. Chemical Engineering Journal, 164, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.08.016
Pandiarajan, A., Kamaraj, R., Vasudevan, S., & Vasudevan, S. (2018). OPAC (orange peel activated carbon) derived from waste orange peel for the adsorption of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides from water: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic modelling and thermodynamic studies. Bioresource Technology, 261, 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.005
Park, J. M., Kim, C. M., & Jhung, S. H. (2021). Melamine/polyaniline-derived carbons with record-high adsorption capacities for effective removal of phenolic compounds from water. Chemical Engineering Journal, 420, 127627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127627
Reddy, N., & Yang, Y. (2009). Natural cellulose fibers from soybean straw. Bioresource Technology, 100, 3593–3598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.063
Rudzinski, W., & Plazinski, W. (2009). On the applicability of the pseudo-second order equation to represent the kinetics of adsorption at solid/solution interfaces: A theoretical analysis based on the statistical rate theory. Adsorption, 15, 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-009-9167-8
Sancho, J. L. S., Rodríguez, A. R., Torrellas, S. Á., & Rodríguez, J. G. (2012). Removal of an emerging pharmaceutical compound by adsorption in fixed bed column. Desalination and Water Treatment, 45, 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.692062
Sen Gupta, S., & Bhattacharyya, K. G. (2011). Kinetics of adsorption of metal ions on inorganic materials: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 162, 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.004
Silva, M. C., Spessato, L., Silva, T. L., Lopes, G. K. P., Zanella, H. G., Yokoyama, J. T. C., Cazetta, A. L., & Almeida, V. C. (2021). H3PO4–activated carbon fibers of high surface area from banana tree pseudo-stem fibers: Adsorption studies of methylene blue dye in batch and fixed bed systems. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 324, 114771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114771
Tang, X., Ran, G., Li, J., Zhang, Z., & Xiang, C. (2021). Extremely efficient and rapidly adsorb methylene blue using porous adsorbent prepared from waste paper: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 402, 123579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123579
Tong, X.-J., Li, J.-Y., Yuan, J.-H., & Xu, R.-K. (2011). Adsorption of Cu (II) by biochars generated from three crop straws. Chemical Engineering Journal, 172, 828–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.069
Vigdorowitsch, M., Pchelintsev, A., Tsygankova, L., & Tanygina, E. (2021). Freundlich Isotherm: An adsorption model complete framework. Applied Sciences, 11, 8078. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178078
Walczyk, M., Świątkowski, A., Pakuła, M., & Biniak, S. (2005). Electrochemical studies of the interaction between a modified activated carbon surface and heavy metal ions. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 35, 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-004-2399-0
Xia, H., Li, C., Yang, G., Shi, Z., Jin, C., He, W., Xu, J., & Li, G. (2022). A review of microwave-assisted advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment. Chemosphere, 287, 131981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131981
Xu, R. K., Xiao, S. C., Yuan, J. H., & Zhao, A. Z. (2011). Adsorption of methyl violet from aqueous solutions by the biochars derived from crop residues. Bioresource Technology, 102, 10293–10298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.089
Yağmur, H. K., & Kaya, İ. (2021). Synthesis and characterization of magnetic ZnCl2-activated carbon produced from coconut shell for the adsorption of methylene blue. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1232, 130071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130071
Yang, S. T., Chen, S., Chang, Y., Cao, A., Liu, Y., & Wang, H. (2011). Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by graphene oxide. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 359, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.02.064
Yu, S., Dong, X., Zhao, P., Luo, Z., Sun, Z., Yang, X., Li, Q., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2022). Decoupled temperature and pressure hydrothermal synthesis of carbon sub-micron spheres from cellulose. Nature Communications, 13, 3616. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31352-x
Yu, S., Xie, M., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2022). Evolution of kraft lignin during hydrothermal treatment under different reaction conditions. Journal of the Energy Institute, 103, 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.06.005
Yu, S., Yang, X., Zhao, P., Li, Q., Zhou, H., & Zhang, Y. (2022). From biomass to hydrochar: Evolution on elemental composition, morphology, and chemical structure. Journal of the Energy Institute, 101, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.01.013
Yu, S., Zhao, P., Yang, X., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2022). Formation and evolution of pectin-derived hydrothermal carbon from pectin. Fuel, 326, 124997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124997
Zhang, F., Zhang, B., Han, D., Wu, L., & Hou, W. (2021). Preparation of composite soybean straw-based materials by LDHs modifying as a solid sorbent for removal of Pb (ii) from water samples. Open Chemistry, 19, 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0058
Zhao, L. (2020). Preparation and application of carboxylated graphene oxide adsorbent in the removal of heavy metal copper ions: Adsorption behavior and adsorption mechanism. Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Zhao, Y., Zhu, L., Li, W., Liu, J., Liu, X., & Huang, K. (2019). Insights into enhanced adsorptive removal of rhodamine B by different chemically modified garlic peels: Comparison, kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and mechanism. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 293, 111516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111516
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Major Project of the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (Grant No. 2020LNZD04).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Yuanyuan Ge: investigation, formal analysis, data curation, methodology, writing – original draft.
Yuzhe Wang: resources, validation, data curation, writing – original draft.
Guozhong Xu: project administration, supervision, writing – review and editing, validation.
Zhigang Fang: resources, project administration, supervision.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
ESM 1:
Supplementary Materials (DOCX 72 kb)
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ge, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, G. et al. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Soybean Straw for High-efficiency Adsorption Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 74 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06109-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06109-x