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Surface Water Quality After the Woolsey Fire in Southern California

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Abstract

The number, severity, and duration of wildfires are increasing across the Western United States, posing significant implications for urban watersheds and water quality. This research focused on the North Santa Monica Bay Coastal Watersheds and the Malibu Creek Watershed, which were burned by the 2018 Woolsey Fire. We compared nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and total suspended solids before (2015–2018) and after (2018–2020) fire using a change point analysis and a single factor (one-way) analysis of variance. Post-fire water quality responses were evaluated with respect to precipitation, land cover, soil burn severity, and regulatory requirements. For all pollutants analyzed, storms within the first wet season after fire generally had statistically higher concentrations compared to the pre-fire study period (2015–2018) for both watersheds. Precipitation was not a driver of surface water contamination before or after fire (R2 < 0.2). Additionally, land cover (shrub, forest, developed) was not a strong indicator of contamination. Instead, burn severity did exhibit controls on post-fire water quality, with moderate and high soil burn severity generally having up to twenty-four times larger pollutant levels compared to low and unburned areas. While pre-fire concentrations generally exceeded pollutant regulatory requirements, post-fire exceedances were over threefold higher for E. coli and nutrients. This research has implications for managing watersheds and mitigating the impacts of contaminated waterways in coastal and urban areas after wildfires.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge partial financial support from the California State University (CSU) 2020-2021 Council on Ocean Affairs, Science and Technology (COAST) Graduate Student Research Award no. CSUCOAST-BARSOP-SDSU-AY1920.

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  1. Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA

    Sophia M. Barron, Natalie Mladenov & Alicia M. Kinoshita

  2. Water Resources Group, Stantec, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA

    Sophia M. Barron

  3. School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA

    Karilyn E. Sant

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Barron—conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, investigation, visualization, writing; Mladenov—formal analysis, writing; Sant—formal analysis, writing; Kinoshita—conceptualization, project administration, supervision, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing.

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Barron, S.M., Mladenov, N., Sant, K.E. et al. Surface Water Quality After the Woolsey Fire in Southern California. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 377 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05844-x

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