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Diurnal Variations in the Air Pollutants Concentration over Haryana, India, and Understanding their Emission Sources

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Abstract

India's Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region has become the global hotspot of air pollution, and stubble burning in northern India has increased the concern due to its impact on air quality and health. The current study focuses on studying the diurnal variation of air pollutants for the first time covering Haryana, India, and identifying the sources responsible for air pollutants emissions during the different seasons of the year. Based on ecology and cropping pattern, the study area was divided in three zones. In all seasons, the diurnal peak concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were found highest in Zone 2 as compared to Zone 1 and Zone 3, which can be due to the high polluting districts located in Zone 2 including Hisar where thermal power plants, stainless steel producing industry and pulp and paper industry are located along with district Faridabad which is known as the industrial capital of Haryana. The lowest average hourly concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 was found in late afternoon hours in winter, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season in all three zones due to a decrease in traffic volumes which lead to low emission rates along with increase in the mixing height which cause favorable dispersion conditions. The lowest hourly mean concentration of CO, NOx and NH3 in all zones was found during the afternoon hours in all seasons. The study also focuses on understanding the day and time patterns and the maxima and minima of pollutants concentrations in different zones of Haryana.

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The data are available at https://www.cpcb.nic.in/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India

    Sahil Mor, Santosh Bhukal & Narsi Ram Bishnoi

  2. Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Khaiwal Ravindra

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  1. Sahil Mor
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  2. Santosh Bhukal
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  3. Narsi Ram Bishnoi
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Sahil Mor, Santosh Bhukal, Narsi Ram Bishnoi and Khaiwal Ravindra contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and writing— review and editing.

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Correspondence to Sahil Mor.

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Journal: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.

Title: Diurnal variations in the air pollutants concentration and understanding their emission sources in Haryana, India.

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Mor, S., Bhukal, S., Bishnoi, N.R. et al. Diurnal Variations in the Air Pollutants Concentration over Haryana, India, and Understanding their Emission Sources. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 277 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05730-6

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