Abstract
Conduit hydropower systems improve the efficiency of water supply networks (WSNs) by utilizing excess network pressure for providing renewable energy while significantly reducing leakage. A major problem in using conduit hydropower is finding the optimum location for installing power generation devices like in-line turbines or pumps operating as turbines (PATs). This paper suggests an optimization model to find the optimum location for placing in-line turbines in WSNs using a non-parametric Rao algorithm for optimal daily power generation. The methodology is tested on a hypothetical 5-Node network and later applied to a benchmark 25-Node network. Installing turbines at optimum locations reduced network leakage by 76332.00 and 380473.87 L, representing approximately 2.57% & 2.94% of the total water demand of 5-Node and 25-Node networks, respectively, and generated 184.12 & 547.48 kWh/day of hydropower.
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Data Availability
Data, codes, and models used are available upon request.
Abbreviations
- Chw :
-
Hazen Williams roughness coefficient
- Ck :
-
Leakage coefficient for pipe k
- DM:
-
Demand Multiplier
- g:
-
Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
- Hex :
-
Excess pressure head at any point (m)
- Hi :
-
Available pressure head at node i
- Hj :
-
Available pressure head at node j
- Hj,min :
-
Minimum required pressure head at node j
- Hk :
-
Pressure head at pipe k (m)
- km :
-
Minor head loss coefficient
- Lk :
-
Length of pipe k (m)
- LRRmax :
-
Maximum leakage reduction ratio
- N:
-
Node number
- n:
-
Size of population
- Pi :
-
Power generation of ith turbine (kW).
- Pmax :
-
Maximum available power (kW)
- Pnet :
-
Power generation of the network (kW)
- Qj :
-
Discharge at node j (m3/s or L/s)
- QL0 :
-
Initial leakage discharge (m3/s)
- QL1 :
-
Final leakage discharge (m3/s)
- Qlk :
-
Leakage discharge at pipe k (m3/s)
- R:
-
Random number between 0 and 1
- V:
-
Velocity of flow (m/s)
- W:
-
Weightage
- Z:
-
Objective function
- Δt:
-
Time step (h)
- α:
-
Leakage exponent
- ρ:
-
Density of water (kg/m3)
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Priyanshu Jain wrote the paper, designed optimization model and did statistical analysis. Ruchi Khare monitored and enhanced the manuscript.
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Jain, P., Khare, R. Strategic Placement of In-line Turbines for Optimum Power Generation and Leakage Reduction in Water Supply Networks. Water Resour Manage (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-024-03831-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-024-03831-x