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Climate Change in the Mediterranean Basin (Part I): Induced Alterations on Climate Forcings and Hydrological Processes

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Abstract

In the last years, the Mediterranean basin has been widely recognized as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world to climate change; because of its high concentration of urban and industrial settlements, it is one of the most impacted areas of the world in terms of water scarcity. The present paper aims at reviewing the main observed and predicted effects of climate change on hydrological processes directly related to water availability in the Mediterranean Basin, mainly focusing on the last ten years of research. While an in-depth discussion about possible future water scarcity problem in the Mediterranean area and the sources of uncertainty affecting future climate projections and impact assessments is presented in a companion paper (Noto et al., 2022), this study highlights how most of the more recent studies for the Mediterranean region are concordant and recognize a general increasing future trajectory in both the mean and extreme values of air temperatures. On the contrary, there is much less agreement about the intensity and directions of future projections for other variables, such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff, whose changes are less evident and variable in space.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to the numerous scientists who provided additional information from their studies. The authors thank the Basin Authority of the Hydrographic District of Sicily, for its support, the anonymous reviewers, editor-in-chief, and associate editor for their helpful suggestions on the quality improvement of this present paper.

Funding

The present work has been supported by the Basin Authority of the Hydrographic District of Sicily within the project entitled “ Attività di studio e ricerca per la valutazione dell’impatto dei cambiamenti climatici e l’aggiornamento dell’idrologia di piena in attuazione della direttiva 2007/60” (Activities of study and research for the evaluation of the climatic change impacts and the update of the flood hydrology in the implementation of guideline 2007/60) - CUP G69J17000830001

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy

    Leonardo V. Noto, Giuseppe Cipolla, Antonio Francipane & Dario Pumo

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  1. Leonardo V. Noto
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  2. Giuseppe Cipolla
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  3. Antonio Francipane
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  4. Dario Pumo
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by all authors and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Leonardo V. Noto.

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Noto, L.V., Cipolla, G., Francipane, A. et al. Climate Change in the Mediterranean Basin (Part I): Induced Alterations on Climate Forcings and Hydrological Processes. Water Resour Manage 37, 2287–2305 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03400-0

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