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Whole-genome characterization of avian picornaviruses from diarrheic broiler chickens co-infected with multiple picornaviruses in Iran

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Abstract

Gastrointestinal symptoms in poultry are caused by several factors, such as infecting viruses. Several avian picornaviruses can cause diarrhea in these valuable animals. Poultry flocks in Iran suffer from gastrointestinal diseases, and information on picornaviruses is limited. In this study, two genera of avian picornaviruses were isolated from poultry and identified by the viral metagenomics. Fecal samples were collected from broiler chicken flocks affected with diarrhea from Gilan province Iran. The results showed that Eastern chicken flocks carried two genera of picornaviridae belonging to Sicinivirus A (SiV A) and Megrivirus C (MeV C). The Western chicken flocks carried SiV A based on whole-genome sequencing data. SiV A had type II IRES and MeV C contained a type IVB IRES 5′UTR. Phylogenetic results showed that all these three picornaviruses were similar to the Hungarian isolates. Interestingly, two different picornavirus genera were simultaneously co-infected with Eastern flocks. This phenomenon could increase and facilitate the recombination and evolution rate of picornaviruses and consequently cause this diversity of gastrointestinal diseases in poultry. This is the first report and complete genome sequencing of Sicinivirus and Megrivirus in Iran. Further studies are needed to evaluate the pathogenic potential of these picornaviruses.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the PCR Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Gahlyanchi Laboratory experts for their technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Niusha Haji Zamani, Zahra Ziafati Kafi, Naser Sadri, Ali Hojabr Rajeoni, Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji & Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi

  2. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran

    Hossein Hosseini

  3. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

    Aidin Molouki, Mohammad Hossein FallahMehrabadi & Mohammad Abdoshah

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  1. Niusha Haji Zamani
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Contributions

AG, AM, HH, MHFH conceptualization and design study, NHZ, ZZK, AHR performed the experiments, AG, HH, AM, MA analyzed data and sequence, AG, MA. AM, RED, and NS wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the article for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi.

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All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed.

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Edited by Joachim J. Bugert.

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Haji Zamani, N., Hosseini, H., Ziafati Kafi, Z. et al. Whole-genome characterization of avian picornaviruses from diarrheic broiler chickens co-infected with multiple picornaviruses in Iran. Virus Genes 59, 79–90 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-022-01938-0

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