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Underlying mechanisms of HIV-1 latency

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Abstract

Similarly to other retroviruses, HIV-1 integrates its genome into the cellular chromosome. Expression of viral genes from the integrated viral DNA could then be regulated by the host genome. If the infected cell suppresses viral gene expression, the virus will undergo latency. The latently infected cells cannot be detected or cleared by the immune system since they do not express viral antigens. These cells remain undetected for several years, even under antiretroviral treatments. The silenced HIV-1 DNA could be reactivated under certain conditions. Despite the efficient use of antiretroviral drugs, HIV-1 latently infected cells remain the major obstacles to a permanent cure. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which HIV-1 establishes latency.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Amirarsalan Kavyanifard for providing valuable suggestions. This work was supported by grants from the Iran National Science Foundation (284470) to B.R. and Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (U-87176) to B.R. and E.A.

Author contributions

B.R. and E. A. wrote the manuscript. BR prepared the figures. Both authors approved the final revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran

    Bizhan Romani & Elham Allahbakhshi

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran

    Bizhan Romani

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  1. Bizhan Romani
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  2. Elham Allahbakhshi
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Correspondence to Elham Allahbakhshi.

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Romani, B., Allahbakhshi, E. Underlying mechanisms of HIV-1 latency. Virus Genes 53, 329–339 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-017-1443-1

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