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Prognostic values of distal ureter involvement and survival outcomes in bladder cancer at T1 and T2 stages: a propensity score matching study

  • Urology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

To study prognostic values of distal ureter involvement (DUI) and survival outcomes in bladder cancer at T1 and T2 stages.

Methods

The national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2015) was applied to obtain bladder cancer patients. We used the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test, subgroup analyses, the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

A total of 490 patients with DUI and 28,498 patients with non-DUI (non-involvement) were enrolled in our study. After 1:1 PSM, 490 matched pairs were picked out. The multivariable Cox regression before and after PSM revealed that the DUI group had a high risk of overall mortality (HR = 1.374, P < 0.001 before PSM; HR = 1.513, P < 0.001 after PSM) and cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.632, P < 0.001 before PSM; HR = 1.699, P < 0.001 after PSM). The results of survival analyses showed that patients in the DUI group had lower survival probability in OS (P = 0.0011) and CSS (P < 0.0001) analyses. Nevertheless, in the subgroup analysis, significant differences were only observed in the T1 stage in terms of CSS and T2a stage in terms of OS and CSS (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The prognosis of DUI was poorer than that of non-DUI. DUI was an independent risk factor for OM and CSM in bladder cancer at T1 and T2 stages especially for those at T1 and T2a stages.

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Data availability statement

The data in this article came from the SEER database. The data can be found here: https://seer.cancer.gov/data/.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R. China (Grant Nos. 82060467 and 81760457) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi (Grant No. S2017ZRZDB0212).

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Author notes

  1. Song Xiao and Xiangpeng Zhan have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

    Song Xiao, Xiangpeng Zhan, Tao Chen, Jingxin Wu, Linhao Xu, Ming Jiang, Wen Deng, Ke Zhu, Zhenhao Zeng, Xiaofeng Cheng, Qiang Zhou, Wei Huang, Xiaochen Zhou, Cheng Zhang, Bin Fu & Gongxian Wang

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  1. Song Xiao
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  2. Xiangpeng Zhan
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Contributions

SX sorted the literature and wrote the manuscript. XPZ contributed significantly to data collection and data analysis. GW, TC, JW, LX, MJ, WD, KZ, ZZ, XC, QZ, WH, CZ, and XCZ helped in the revision of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Cheng Zhang, Bin Fu or Gongxian Wang.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationship that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Ethical approval statement

The data from SEER are publicly available and de-identified.

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Xiao, S., Zhan, X., Chen, T. et al. Prognostic values of distal ureter involvement and survival outcomes in bladder cancer at T1 and T2 stages: a propensity score matching study. Int Urol Nephrol 54, 3123–3137 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-022-03260-y

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