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Spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in northwest China: a review of 30 years of experiences

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Abstract

Purpose

Large-scale, contemporary studies assessing the spectrum of kidney diseases in northwest China are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the profile of 30-year temporal changes in biopsy-proven kidney diseases in northwest China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included all patients with a native kidney biopsy specimen in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between 1989 and 2018. Data on demographic characteristics and pathological diagnosis were extracted from medical records and pathological reports. Changing patterns of kidney diseases over the study period and disease distributions in different gender and age groups were examined.

Results

This study included 13,620 patients with a mean age of 38.5 ± 16.5 years and included 58.2% of men. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN), second glomerulonephritis (SGN), tubulointerstitial disease, and other renal diseases accounted for 79.1, 18.3, 2.4, and 0.2% of all kidney diseases, respectively. In PGN, IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (25.1%) was the most common type, followed by non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) (24.9%) and membranous nephropathy (MN) (17.4%). The frequency of MN dramatically increased (p < 0.001) over the course of the study. Lupus nephritis (6.2%) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) (4.9%) were leading SGN diagnosis. The frequencies of IgAN, non-IgA MsPGN, and HSPN declined, while those of ANCA/pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy significantly increased.

Conclusion

PGN continues to be the predominant kidney disease in northwest China, and IgAN is the most common type. The frequencies of MN and diabetic nephropathy significantly increased. These findings might be explained by behavioral and environmental exposures and provide implications on future hypothesis-driven research.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to the doctors and patients in the Nephrology Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University who participated in the study.

Funding

This study was supported by the Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (XJTU1AF-CRF-2017-018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Kidney Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

    Huixian Li, Xiaoyang Yu, Ping Lan, Zhigang Wang, Shifeng Yang, Jie Feng, Dapeng Hao, Dan Niu, Yaning Hao, Jiping Sun, Yali Zhang, Jing Lv, Aiping Yin, Liyi Xie & Wanhong Lu

Authors
  1. Huixian Li
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  2. Xiaoyang Yu
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  3. Ping Lan
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  4. Zhigang Wang
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  5. Shifeng Yang
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  6. Jie Feng
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  7. Dapeng Hao
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  8. Dan Niu
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  9. Yaning Hao
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  10. Jiping Sun
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  11. Yali Zhang
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  12. Jing Lv
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  13. Aiping Yin
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  14. Liyi Xie
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  15. Wanhong Lu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wanhong Lu.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the first affiliated hospital of Xian Jiaotong university research committee at which the studies were conducted (IRB approval number XJTU1AF-CRF-2017–018) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Li, H., Yu, X., Lan, P. et al. Spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in northwest China: a review of 30 years of experiences. Int Urol Nephrol 54, 2609–2616 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-022-03168-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-022-03168-7

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