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A systematic review for the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in patients with chronic kidney disease

  • Nephrology - Original Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

Background

The effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remain controversial.

Objective

A systematic review of current evidence was performed to systematically and comprehensively summarize the effects of CoQ10 on cardiovascular outcomes, oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on patients with CKD.

Results

Twelve independent studies (including seventeen publications) were included in this systematic review. For CKD patients, six studies reported variable cardiovascular outcomes, which yielded inconsistent results. Regarding oxidative stress and inflammation, pooled analysis showed that CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced malonaldehyde (WMD: − 1.15 95% CI − 1.48 to − 0.81) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein levels (WMD: − 1.18 95% CI − 2.21 to − 0.15). Regarding glucose metabolism, we found that CoQ10 supplementation resulted in significant improvements in HbA1c (WMD: − 0.80; 95% CI: − 1.35 to − 0.24) and QUICKI (WMD: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.03). The pooled results indicated that CoQ10 supplementation had no effects on total cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol, or on HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Conclusions

Our systematic review demonstrated that CoQ10 supplementation might have promising effects on oxidative stress. This work provided some clues that CoQ10 supplementation might have the potential to improve inflammation levels, glucose metabolism, cardiac structure, and cardiac biomarkers. However, the effects of CoQ10 supplementation should be confirmed in larger high-quality studies.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

The code used in this paper are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CoQ10:

Coenzyme Q10

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

HbA1c:

Hemoglobin A1c

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

hs-CRP:

High sensitivity C-reactive protein

HOMA-B:

Homeostatic model assessment for B-cell function

HOMA-IR:

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

MDA:

Malonaldehyde

NT-pro-BNP:

N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide

PPAR-γ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ

PRISMA:

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses

QUICKI:

Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

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Funding

This study was supported in part by a grant (No. 19ZX47) from Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (the 306th Hospital of the Chinese PLA).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Yongxing Xu and Guolei Yang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA), 9 AnXiangBeiLi Road, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yongxing Xu, Jianjun Gao, Enhong Han, Juan Liu & Yan Wang

  2. Institute of Food Industrial Technology and Economic, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, China

    Guolei Yang

  3. Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA), 9 AnXiangBeiLi Road, Beijing, 100101, China

    Xiaowen Zuo & Huaping Jia

  4. Out-Patient Department, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center (The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA), 9 AnXiangBeiLi Road, Beijing, 100101, China

    Hong Yan

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  1. Yongxing Xu
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Contributions

YX, JG and JL contributed in conception and design. GY, YX contributed to electronic search. YX and YW contributed in study selection and data collection. GY, YX, and XZ contributed in statistical analysis. YX, GY, EH and HY interpreted data. GY, YX, XZ, JG, and HJ drafted the initial and final manuscript. All authors approved the final version for submission. JG and HJ supervised the study.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jianjun Gao or Huaping Jia.

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Yongxing Xu, Guolei Yang, Xiaowen Zuo, Jianjun Gao, Huaping Jia, Enhong Han, Juan Liu, Yan Wang, and Hong Yan declare that they have no competing interests.

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Xu, Y., Yang, G., Zuo, X. et al. A systematic review for the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 54, 173–184 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-021-02838-2

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