Abstract
Urban green spaces can provide important wildlife habitat and ecosystem services. In legacy cities, built structures are demolished as populations dwindle, resulting in vacant land. Vacant land constitutes an opportunity to establish green infrastructure that provides multiple ecosystem services. Our objective was to determine whether establishing green infrastructure on vacant land to manage stormwater could provide insect habitat in the legacy city of Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Two green infrastructure treatments were implemented on vacant land in the historic Slavic Village neighborhood in 2014 and 2015: rain gardens (lower cost) and bioswales (higher cost). We hypothesized that rain gardens and bioswales would support more abundant, species rich insect communities compared to unaltered vacant lots. Wild bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) and lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), two insect groups of conservation concern, were sampled during the summer (June–August) from 2014 to 2016 using pan traps and yellow sticky card traps. Local vegetation and temporal variables were measured. Generalized linear mixed effects models evaluated whether insect biodiversity varied with treatment, habitat variables, site, and time. We collected 3,004 bees from pan traps and 5,438 lady beetles from yellow sticky card traps during this study. Bee biodiversity was similar among treatments. In 2014, alien Coccinellidae abundance was higher in vacant lots compared to rain gardens. In 2015 and 2016, alien Coccinellidae were marginally more abundant in rain gardens compared to vacant lots and bioswales, while native Coccinellidae abundance was significantly higher in vacant lots. In the short term, establishing green infrastructure on vacant land can improve stormwater management without compromising the quality of vacant land as insect habitat.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the undergraduate research assistants who helped collect and process data from this project. We also thank the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District and Cleveland Botanical Garden for their research collaboration.
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Funding was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Contract EP-C-12–048-C) to M.M.G., the U.S. National Science Foundation Career Grant (CAREER 1253197) to M.M.G., the U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Fellow ID 2022335921) to M.A.P., and the Ohio State University College of Food Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences SEEDS grant to M.R.S.
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F.R.S., M.M.G., and M.R.S. conceptualized the project idea and designed field experiment protocols. M.R.S. collected the data. M.A.P. and F.R.S. analyzed the data and interpreted the results. M.A.P. led the manuscript writing process, with revisions from F.R.S., M.M.G., and M.R.S. All authors gave final approval for publication.
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Pham, M.A., Spring, M.R., Sivakoff, F.S. et al. Reclaiming urban vacant land to manage stormwater and support insect habitat. Urban Ecosyst 26, 1813–1827 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01418-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01418-9