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Cytokine profile in lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus

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Abstract

In this study, in order to reveal the immune response against the disease in naturally infected sheep with SPPV, the expressions of various pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were evaluated immunohistochemically. The material of this study consisted of tissue samples taken from 24 sheep, which were brought as dead for routine histopathological examination to the Department of Pathology. Avidin–biotin–peroxidase method was used for immunohistochemistry. Characteristic pox lesions were observed in the skin, lungs and kidneys. In histopathological examinations, pox cells, which are very characteristic for the diagnosis of the disease, were observed in all three tissues. Capripoxvirus nucleic acid was detected in 8 of the 24 tissues. Samples were sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed with reference strains from GenBank. Strains from the study clustered with sheeppox virus references. In conclusion, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8 and IL12 (Th1) were much more dominant compared to the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-10 and IL-6 (Th2). This supported the fact that the cellular immune response is much more effective than the humoral immune response in sheeppox.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey

    Emin Karakurt, Enver Beytut, Serpil Dag, Hilmi Nuhoglu & Ayfer Yildiz

  2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey

    Nuvit Coskun & Volkan Yilmaz

  3. Institute Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey

    Emre Kurtbas

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  1. Emin Karakurt
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Contributions

E.K.: idea, concept and writing. N.C.: molecular studies and interpretation of data. E.B.: immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. S.D.: immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. V.Y.: molecular studies and interpretation of data. H.N.: immunohistochemical and histopathological staining. A.Y.: immunohistochemical and histopathological staining. E.K.: immunohistochemical and histopathological staining.

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Correspondence to Emin Karakurt.

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Ethics approval

The study was approved by Kafkas University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (decision number: KAU-HADYEK-2021/065) and the General Directorate of Food and Control (E-71037622-325.01-7907977) of the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

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Karakurt, E., Coskun, N., Beytut, E. et al. Cytokine profile in lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 401 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03823-w

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