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Red propolis extract as a natural ionophore for confined sheep: performance and morphological and histopathological changes

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of red propolis extract (RPE) in the diet of confined sheep on performance and histomorphometric parameters of rumen and intestine and histopathological parameters of liver and kidney. Thirty-five male sheep (17.08 ± 2.36 kg) were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 mL day-1 RPE) and seven replications, submitted to 68 days of experiment. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and samples of rumen, intestine, liver, and kidney were collected to histomorphometry and histopathology analyzes. Higher RPE inclusions (21 and 28 mL day-1) maintained dry matter intake and increased total weight (5.78 x 6.14 and 6.95 kg, respectively) gain up to 20.24%. In the rumen, the inclusion of RPE led to an increase in the thickness of the epithelium and the highest level also increased the thickness of the keratinized portion of this epithelium (21.71 x 32.15 μm). The level of 21 mL day-1 provided larger ruminal papillae (1620.68 x 1641.70 μm) and greater ruminal absorption area (561791.43 x 698288.50 μm2). In intestine 21 and 28 mL-1 of RPE provided greater mucosal thickness (468.54 x 556.20 and 534.64 μm), higher goblet cell index (23.32 x 25.82 and 25.64) and higher hepatic glycogen index (1.47 x 1.64 and 1.62), supporting higher nutrients absortion and glicogenolise and intestinal health, corroborating the weight gain indices. The inclusion of RPE did not cause renal histopathological lesions. Therefore, levels of 21 and 28 mL day-1 of RPE can be used in sheep diets, promoting greater final weight gain, causing positive histomorphological changes in the rumen, intestine and liver, without causing kidney or liver damage.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Universidade Federal da Paraiba for their technical assistance. This study was supported by CNPq and CAPES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal da Paraíba– Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Areia, Brazil

    Pedro Henrique de Melo Garcia, Juliana Silva de Oliveira, Tamiris Matias da Costa & Ricardo Romão Guerra

  2. PCI/CNPq Instituto Nacional do Semiárido, Campina Grande, Brazil

    Neila Lidiany Ribeiro

  3. Universidade Federal de Alagoas – Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca, Brazil

    Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior & Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida

  4. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Campus de Patos, Patos, Brazil

    Edijanio Galdino da Silva

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  1. Pedro Henrique de Melo Garcia
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  2. Neila Lidiany Ribeiro
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  3. Juliana Silva de Oliveira
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  4. Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
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  5. Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida
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  6. Edijanio Galdino da Silva
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  7. Tamiris Matias da Costa
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  8. Ricardo Romão Guerra
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Contributions

Pedro Henrique de Melo Garcia: Data curation, formal analyses, investigation, writing–original draft

Neila Lidiany Ribeiro: Formal analyses, methodology, writing–original draft, writing–review

Juliana Silva de Oliveira: Data curation, formal analyses, investigation

Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior: Data curation, formal analyses, investigation

Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida: Data curation, formal analyses, investigation

Edijanio Galdino da Silva: Data curation, formal analyses, investigation

Tamiris Matias da Costa: Data curation, formal analyses, investigation

Ricardo Romão Guerra: Conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition, methodology

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo Romão Guerra.

Ethics declarations

All procedures used were approved by the Animal Use Ethics Committee of the the Federal University of Alagoas (CEUA/UFAL, n. 37/2018).

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The authors report no declarations of interest.

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de Melo Garcia, P.H., Ribeiro, N.L., de Oliveira, J.S. et al. Red propolis extract as a natural ionophore for confined sheep: performance and morphological and histopathological changes. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 391 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03799-7

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