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Processing methods of flint corn and protein supplement in forage-free diets for feedlot lambs

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Abstract

Diets without forage increase the productivity in less time and favor greater practicality and better quality carcass. The corn grain is mostly used associated with pellets but processing these ingredients can bring benefits. The present study evaluated the effect of diets without forage based on whole or coarse ground corn associated with pelleted or ground protein supplement on performance, eating behavior, carcass characteristics, and ruminal morphology of feedlot lambs. Thirty-five Dorper × Santa Inês lambs were used, with 23.85 ± 3.88 kg of initial body weight and 88 ± 9 days old. The experimental design was in a randomized complete block, defined by body weight and age. The experimental diets were control (CONT), containing 90% of concentrate and 10% of forage (coastcross hay), and 4 diets without forage: WC+P, 70% whole flint corn and 30% pelleted protein supplement; WC+G, 70% whole flint corn and 30% ground protein supplement; GC+P, 70% ground flint corn and 30% pelleted protein supplement; and GC+G, 70% ground flint corn and 30% ground protein supplement. There was an interaction between treatments and experimental periods for DMI in kg/day (P = 0.01) and g/kg of BW0.75 (P < 0.01; Table 3). For the DMI in kg/day, no significant differences were observed between the treatments in any of the experimental periods. However, for DMI expressed in g/kg of BW0.75, the animals fed WC+P had lower DMI than the animals on the CONT (P < 0.01) only in the first period. The ADG, FBW, and FE were not affected by the treatments. Compared to CONT, forage-free diets decreased ingestion time (min/day) and rumination and chewing (min/day and min/g of dry matter). There was no effect of treatments for any of the carcass traits evaluated. The diets did not cause lesions suggestive of ruminitis. Forage-free diets containing whole or ground corn associated with pelleted or ground protein supplement can be used successfully for feedlot lambs; they provide proper performance and carcass characteristics, without harming the animal’s health.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because they are part of a master’s thesis but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

SAS (9.4 version, 2018) RRID: SCR_008567.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the first author scholarship and to the SIPOC (Sheep and Goats Intensive Production System) of ESALQ/USP (“Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo) for making the facilities and animals available for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil

    Thamires Ubices Sturion, Ana Carolina Silva Vicente, Matheus Sousa de Paula Carlis, Rhaissa Garcia de Assis, Terezinha Teixeira de Souza, Daniel Montanher Polizel, Paulo César Gonzales Dias Junior, Isabela Jorge dos Santos, Jamile Haddad Comelli, Janaina Socolovski Biava, Alexandre Vaz Pires & Evandro Maia Ferreira

  2. Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias North Avenue, n 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil

    Daniel Montanher Polizel & Alexandre Vaz Pires

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  1. Thamires Ubices Sturion
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Contributions

Thamires Ubices Sturion: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, data curation, and writing (original draft); Ana Carolina S. Vicente, Matheus S. P. Carlis, Rhaissa G. de Assis, Terezinha T. de Souza, Daniel M. Polizel, Paulo César G. Dias Júnior, Isabela J. dos Santos, and Jamile H. Comelli: investigation and writing (review and editing); Janaina S. Biava and Alexandre V. Pires: methodology, writing (review and editing), and visualization; Evandro M. Ferreira: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, writing (review and editing), supervision, and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Evandro Maia Ferreira.

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Sturion, T.U., Vicente, A.C.S., de Paula Carlis, M.S. et al. Processing methods of flint corn and protein supplement in forage-free diets for feedlot lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 105 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03515-5

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