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Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) as a source of antioxidants with soybean grain in supplementation of lactating ewes reared in tropical pastures

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Abstract

The hypothesis tested is that the association of soybean grain and yerba mate as an antioxidant source can increase the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with lower oxidation of milk from lactating ewes reared in tropical pastures. Sixteen ewes were randomly distributed in a 2x2 factorial scheme (with or without yerba mate at 110 g / kg of dry matter (DM); with or without soybean grain at 210 g/kg of DM). Yerba mate intake reduced DM intake, and concentrations of ether extract (EE), protein, lactose, defatted dry extract, density, omega-3 concentrations, and the ratio between saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids (FA), but increased the concentration of monounsaturated FA and the sequestering power of free radicals by DPPH without altering the concentrations of conjugated dienes and the concentrations of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid in milk. Supplementation with soybean grain decreased the birth weight of the lambs and increased the concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), PUFA, omega - 6, omega ratio - 6/omega – 3, and total blood cholesterol. The addition of yerba mate did not influence the oxidative profile of milk. Supplementation with soybean grain improved the FA profile of milk, increasing the concentrations of CLA and PUFA. The results suggest that the association of yerba mate and soybean grain helps to improve the fat quality of milk from ewes raised in tropical pastures, as shown by the enhanced antioxidant activity, although it does not help prevent oxidation of milk rich in PUFA.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq, the Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul- FUNDECT, and the Cordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Capes (Financing Code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil

    Évelyn Silva de Melo Soares, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Gleice Kelli Ayardes de Melo, Thais Fernanda Farias de Souza Arco, Aline Aparecida da Silva Miguel, Camila de Godoy & Priscila Bernardo de Andrade

  2. Institute of Chemistry of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil

    Carlos Eduardo Domingues Nazário

  3. College of Animal Science of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil

    Jesus Alberto Cardozo Osorio, Ana Carolina Pelaes Vital & Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos

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  1. Évelyn Silva de Melo Soares
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Contributions

ESMS, CCBFI, LCVI, and CEDN conceived and designed research and wrote the manuscript. TFFA, GTS, GKAM, JACO, and ACPV contributed to the data analysis and discussion of the results and reviewed the manuscript. AASM, CG, and PBA conducted the experiment, laboratory analysis, and collection of samples. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo.

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Ethics approval

The experiment was conducted in the Sheep Sector of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Brazil. The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of UFMS (number 1.119/2019).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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de Melo Soares, É.S., Ítavo, C.C.B.F., Ítavo, L.C.V. et al. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) as a source of antioxidants with soybean grain in supplementation of lactating ewes reared in tropical pastures. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03427-w

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