Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the carbon footprint (CF) of milk production (in kg of CO2 equivalents (CO2e) per kg of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM)) in dairy farms of the San Martín region, in the Peruvian Amazon. A cradle-to-farm gate characterization and analysis were carried out on eight representative dairy farms. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were estimated using equations, following the 2019 refinement of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The results showed an average milk production of 9.7 ± 0.82 L milk/cow/day, Gyr x Holstein crosses as the predominant breed, use of cultivated grasses such as Brachiaria brizantha, living fences (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam) as the predominant silvopastoral arrangement, and low level of external inputs such as feed or grain additives. In relation to CF, an average value of 2.26 ± 0.49 kg CO2e/kg FPCM was obtained, with enteric fermentation being the most important source (1.81 ± 0.51 kg CO2e/kg FPCM), followed by manure management, land use, and energy/transport (0.26 ± 0.06, 0.14 ± 0.04, and 0.05 ± 0.04 kg CO2e/kg FPCM, respectively). Differences were found between farmers, obtaining lower CF values (1.76 vs 3.09 kg CO2e/kg FPCM) on farms with better feed quality, higher production levels, and a higher percentage of lactating animals compared to dry cows. It is concluded that dairy farms in the Peruvian Amazon region can reduce their emissions if they improve their current feeding practices.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during the current study are available on reasonable request.
Ethics approval: The animals were cared in accordance with Peru’s Law on Animal Protection and Welfare, No. 30407.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica, and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica, who have supported the financial of this research. Also, the authors would like to acknowledge M. Sc. Zachary Jones, for their contribution helping in the methane and nitrous oxide calculations of this research.
Funding
This study was funded by El Programa Nacional de Investigación Científica y Estudios Avanzados – PROCIENCIA within the framework of the “Proyecto de Mejoramiento y Ampliación de los Servicios del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica” (Contract No. 016–2019), and the project titled “Strengthening of the Doctorate in Animal Science [CONV-000178–215-FONDECYT-DE].”
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Conceptualization: Ruiz-Llontop, D.; Gómez, C. Methodology: Ruiz-Llontop, D.; Gómez, C. Material preparation and data collection: Ruiz-Llontop, D.; Prudencio, M. Formal analysis and investigation: Ruiz-Llontop, D.; Gómez C. Writing original draft preparation: Ruiz-Llontop, D.; Velarde-Guillén, J.; Fuentes, E. Writing-review and editing: Velarde-Guillén, J.; Fuentes, E.; Gómez, C. Funding acquisition: Gómez, C. Supervision: Gómez, C.
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Ruiz-Llontop, D., Velarde-Guillén, J., Fuentes, E. et al. Milk carbon footprint of silvopastoral dairy systems in the Northern Peruvian Amazon. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 227 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03224-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03224-5