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Pathology of Komarov vaccine in Hitchner B1 vaccinated and unvaccinated broilers

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Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) is a major problem of poultry production worldwide. Control is by biosecurity and vaccination. In this project, we studied the pathology of Komarov vaccine which is commonly used in many countries of Africa on the Hitchner B1 (HBI) vaccinated and unvaccinated broilers. Seventy-five Arbor Acres broilers were obtained at 1 day old. Twenty-five of the broilers were given HB1 vaccine at the hatchery and Komarov vaccine at 5 weeks of age (group HK). A second group of 25 broilers were given only Komarov vaccine at 5 weeks of age (group K). The third group remained as unvaccinated (UU). All the groups were observed for clinical signs and lesions. Depression, sneezing, coughing and noisy respiration were observed in group K broilers from day 2 post Komarov vaccination (PKV). Leg paralysis occurred in 6 broilers on day 8 PKV. The clinical signs were milder in the HK broilers. Only one broiler showed leg paralysis in this group on day 18 PKV. No mortality occurred in the three groups. The bursa, spleen and thymus showed mild to moderate enlargement, atrophy and depletion of lymphocytes on days 3, 5, 8 and 14 PKV in HK and K groups. The trachea and lungs were congested. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres in the K group were higher than those of HK and UU groups on days 7, 24 and 21 PKV. The above observations show that Komarov vaccine may cause no mortality in vaccinated and unvaccinated broilers and higher HI antibodies are produced in broilers that have not been vaccinated earlier.

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Data availability

All the data used during this research are openly availably from Data Archive in the Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

    Jacinta Ngozi Omeke, Rita Chidimma Maxwell-Mkpado, Nnenna Tochi Emejuo, Ifeanyi Onyema, Harriet Nkechi Ikenna-Ezeh, Didacus Chukwuemeka Eze & John Osita Arinze Okoye

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  1. Jacinta Ngozi Omeke
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  2. Rita Chidimma Maxwell-Mkpado
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  3. Nnenna Tochi Emejuo
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  4. Ifeanyi Onyema
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  7. John Osita Arinze Okoye
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Contributions

Okoye, J.O.A conceived the idea and designed the work. Emejuo, N.T., Onyema, I., Maxwell-Mkpado, R.C. and Ikenna-Ezeh, H.N. carried out the experiment under the direct supervision of Omeke, J.N.. Eze, D.C. did all the statistical analysis, while Okoye, J.O.A. wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the manuscript for submission.

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Correspondence to Jacinta Ngozi Omeke.

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Ethics approval

This project was approved by the University Committee on Medical and Scientific Research Ethics and has therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendment. But earlier vaccination of chickens with La Sota or HB1 before Komarov is recommended.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Omeke, J.N., Maxwell-Mkpado, R.C., Emejuo, N.T. et al. Pathology of Komarov vaccine in Hitchner B1 vaccinated and unvaccinated broilers. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 551 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02986-8

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