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Assessment of hepatic oxidative damage, paraoxonase-1 activity, and lipid profile in cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina

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Abstract

Naturally occurring Babesia bigemina infection in cattle is associated with changes in the status of oxidative stress, trace elements, sialic acid, and cholinesterase activity in blood. However, to date there is no description of hepatic damage in the infected animals. More importantly, the majority of the above-mentioned causative factors are synthesized or stored in the liver. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate biomarkers of hepatic function, paraoxonase-1 activity, and lipid profile in 13 cattle infected with B. bigemina which did not respond to standard treatment. The animals were necropsied and the histopathology of the liver and DNA damage of hepatocytes were examined. Blood analysis revealed a significant parasitemia burden-dependent increase in the activities of hepatic enzymes and total bilirubin and a decrease in albumin concentrations in the infected cattle compared to the control ones. Paraoxonase-1 activity was remarkably lower in the infected animals than the control. A significant decrease in the blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein and a significant increase in the triglyceride concentration were observed in the infected animals. Severe oxidative damages were also recorded in the haptic tissue evidenced by significant alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suppression of total antioxidant capacity, and oxidation of biomolecules. Congestion of blood vessels, bile duct hyperplasia, and hepatocyte necrosis were the evident histopathologic findings. Our results revealed significant changes in the indices of liver function in the diseased cattle, leading to the conclusion that the parasite can potentially cause liver dysfunction.

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Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Urmia University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Bijan Esmaeilnejad, Mousa Tavassoli, Soraya Mahmoudi, Sepideh Rajabi, Armin Aligolzadeh & Asghar Morvaridi

  2. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh & Siamak Asri-Rezaei

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Hamid Akbari

Authors
  1. Bijan Esmaeilnejad
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  2. Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh
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  3. Mousa Tavassoli
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  4. Siamak Asri-Rezaei
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  5. Soraya Mahmoudi
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  6. Sepideh Rajabi
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  7. Armin Aligolzadeh
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  8. Hamid Akbari
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  9. Asghar Morvaridi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bijan Esmaeilnejad.

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Ethical statement

All procedures in this study were carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University (IR-UU-AEC-3/842/DA).

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Esmaeilnejad, B., Dalir-Naghadeh, B., Tavassoli, M. et al. Assessment of hepatic oxidative damage, paraoxonase-1 activity, and lipid profile in cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 219 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02662-x

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