Abstract
Goat production under migratory system is foremost meat resource in Western Himalayan region of India. Thus, selection of goats for superior growth rate is rewarding. Growth hormone (GH) gene is identified as main regulator of post-natal growth and development. The objective of this study was to identify GH gene variants in Gaddi goats reared under migratory system via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Blood samples from 63 animals from different migratory flocks registered under All India Coordinated Research Project, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University (HPAU), Palampur, were subjected to DNA isolation. A total of 422, 116, 389 and 181-bp amplicons were generated on amplification of four targeted regions of GH gene. GH1 and GH2 fragments were analysed using PCR-RFLP (HaeIII RE) that revealed three variants (AA, AB and BB) for GH1 having frequency as 0.27, 0.52 and 0.31, respectively whereas, two variants (AB and BB) were revealed for GH2 fragment having frequency of 0.24 and 076, respectively. GH3 and GH4 fragments were subjected to PCR-SSCP that detected three genotypes (AB, BB and AA) for GH3 with respective genotype frequency as 0.57, 0.21 and 0.22 respectively; however, GH4 was found to be monomorphic. The polymorphism information content values for GH1, GH2 and GH3 were 0.37, 0.36 and 0.34, respectively, which suggested the median level of polymorphism at studied loci and also indicated the effectiveness of the studied marker for population genetic studies. Significant associations (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for GH1 with 9-month body weight, GH2 with 9 and 12-month heart girth and GH3 with 6-month body weight, body height and body length, respectively. From the present study, it was concluded that SNPs and their association with some body measurements may be employed as useful markers for ongoing phenotypic selection programme.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akers, R. M. 2006. Major advances associated with hormone and growth factor regulation of mammary growth and lactation in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(4), 1222–1234.
Amie-Marini, A.B., Aslinda, K., Mohd-Hifzan, R., Faisal, A.B.M., Musaddin K. 2012. HaeIII-RFLP polymorphism of growth hormone gene in Savanna and Kalahari goats. Malaysian Journal of Animal Science, 15, 13–19.
Dayal, S., Rajni, K., Chakrabarti, A., Kumar, P., Sahoo, S.P., Kaushik, P., Dey, A. 2014. SSCP typing of growth hormone gene and its association with birth weight in Black Bengal goat. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 84(9), 962–964.
Dayal, S., Kumari, R., Dey, A., Kumar B. 2016. PCR-SSCP of growth hormone gene and its association with body weight in Black Bengal goat. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 86(11), 1283–1286.
Gooki, F.G., Mohammadabadi, M.R., Asadi Fozi, M. 2018. Polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Gene and Its Effect on Production and Reproduction Traits in Goat. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8(4), 653–659.
Hua, G.H., Chen, S.L., Yu, J.N., Cai, K.L., Wu, C.J., Li, Q.L., Zhang, C.Y., Liang, A.X., Han L., Geng, L.Y., Shen, Z., Xu, D.Q., Yang, L.G. 2009. Polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and its association with growth traits in Boer goat bucks Meat Science, 81 (2), 391–395.
Jia, J.L., Zhang, L.P., Wu, J.P., Ha, Z.J., Li, W.W. 2014. Study of the correlation between GH gene polymorphism and growth traits in sheep. Genetics and molecular Research, 13(3), 7190–7200.
Kumar, S., Dixit, S.P., Gupta, S.C., Vyas, M.K., Kaur J. 2011. Genetic variability of growth hormone gene and its association with growth traits in Sirohi breed of goat. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 80 (3), 272–275.
Mahrous, K.F., Abdel-Aziem, S.H., Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M, Abdel-Mordy, M., Rushdi, H.E. 2018. Polymorphism of growth hormone gene in three goat breeds in Egypt. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 42–35
Malveiro, E., Marques, P.X., Santos, I.C., Belo, C., Renavile, R. Cravador, A. 2001. Polymorphisms at the five exons of the growth hormone gene in the algarvia goat: possible association with milk traits. Small Ruminant Research, 41(2), 163–170.
Marques, P.X., Pereira, M., Marques, M.R., Santos, I., Belo, C.C., Reuaville, R. Cravodor A. 2003 Association of milk trait with SSCP polymorphism at growth hormone gene in Serena goat. Small Ruminant Research, 50, 177–185.
Othman, O.E., Sally, S.A., Heba, A.M., Abd, E.K., Omaima, M., Abd, E.M. 2015. Genotyping of growth hormone gene in Egyptian small ruminant breeds. Biotechnology, 14 (3), 136–141.
Pereira, A.P., Alencar, M.M., Oliverira, H.N., Regitano, L.C. 2005. Association of GH and IGF-1 polymorphism with growth traits in some synthetic beef cattle breeds. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 28, 230–236.
Sambrook, J, Russell, W.D. 2001. Molecular cloning. A laboratory manual. 3rd edn. 1 Cold spring harbor laboratory press, Cold Spring, New York. pp. 6.4–6.12.
Sankhyan, V., Thakur, Y.P., Dogra, P.K. 2019. Genetic polymorphism in IGF-1 gene in four sheep and goat breeds and its association with biometrical traits in migratory Gaddi goat breed of western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.B-3795.
Singh, P.P., Tomar, S.S., Thakur, M.S., Kumar, A. 2015. Polymorphism and association of growth hormone gene with growth traits in Sirohi and Barbari breeds of goat. Veterinary World 8(3), 382–387.
Wickramaratne, S.H.G, Ulmek, B.R., Dixit, S.P, Kumar, S., Vyas, M.K. 2010. Use of growth hormone gene polymorphism in selecting Osmanabadi and Sangamneri goats. Tropical Agricultural Research, 21(4), 398–411.
Yeh, F.C., Yang R.C., Boyle T.B.J., Ye, Z.H., Mao-Judy, X. 1999. POPGENE 32 version 1.32, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Canada. http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/fyeh. Accessed June 2018.
Zhang, C., Liu, Y., Huang, K., Zeng, W., Xu, D., Wen, Q., Yang, L. 2011. The association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in growth hormone (GH) gene with litter size and superovulation response in goat breeds. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 34(1):49–55.
Funding
The authors sincerely acknowledge the financial support received from Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Research on Goats (ICAR-CIRG), Makhdoom, through All India Coordinated Research Project on Goat Improvement. The authors are also grateful for adopted flock owners for their cooperation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gitanjli, G., Sankhyan, V., Thakur, Y.P. et al. Effect of growth hormone gene polymorphism on growth traits in migratory Gaddi goats of Western Himalayas, India. Trop Anim Health Prod 52, 2091–2099 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02227-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02227-4