Abstract
Sweet sorghum bagasse with leaf residue (SSBLR) based complete diets with high or low protein and high- or low-energy levels were evaluated in a 60-day growth trial using growing sheep. Twenty-eight Deccani ram lambs were divided into four groups (16.0 ± 0.59 kg) of seven each and fed low-protein high-/low-energy and high-protein high-/low-energy diets ad lib. Average daily gain (g; P < 0.05) and feed efficiency (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in lambs fed high energy than those with low-energy diets, and cost per kg gain ($) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in low protein than high-protein diets. Dry matter intake (DMI) (g/day) was not significantly affected either by protein or energy level in the diet, but dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), protein, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities were higher significantly (P < 0.01) in high protein/energy diets than low protein/energy diets. Crude protein (CP) intake (g/day) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in lambs fed high protein than low-protein diets. However, N balance (g/day) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in lambs fed low protein than high-protein diets. It is concluded that feeding of SSBLR-based diet with low protein (CP 12.9 %) and high energy (9.4 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg DM) was recommended for better performance, nitrogen retention, and returns from growing Deccani ram lambs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AOAC, 1997. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Maryland, USA.
Asizua, D., Mpairwe, D., Kabi, F., Mutetikka, D., Kamatara, K., Hvelplund, T., Weisbjerg, M.R., Mugasi, S.K., Madsen, J., 2014. Growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Mubende and Mubende x Boer crossbred goats under different feeding regimes. Livestock Science, 169, 63-70.
Beauchemin, K.A., McClelland, L.A., Jones, S.D.M., Kozub, G.C., 1995. Effects of crude protein content, protein degradability and energy concentration of the diet on growth and carcass characteristics of market lambs fed high concentrate diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 75, 387-395.
Chowdhury, S.A., Orskov, E.R., 1997. Protein energy relationship with particular references to energy under nutrition: a review. Small Ruminant Research, 26, 1–7.
Dabiri, N., Thonney, M.L., 2004. Source and level of supplemental protein for growing lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 3237-3244.
Dutta, T.K., Agnihotri, M.K., Sahoo, P.K., Rajkumar, V., Das, A.K., 2009. Effect of different protein-energy ratio in pulse by-products and residue based pelleted feeds on growth, rumen fermentation, carcass and sausage quality in Barbari kids. Small Ruminant Research, 85, 34-41.
Ferreira, A.V., Hoffman, L.C., Schoeman, S.J., Sheridan, R., 2002. Water intake of Boer goats and mutton Merinos receiving either a low or high energy feedlot diet. Small Ruminant Research, 43, 245-248.
Hossain, M.E., Shahjalal, M., Khan, M.J., Hasanat, M.S., 2003. Effect of dietary energy supplementation on feed intake, growth and reproductive performance of goats under grazing condition. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2, 159–163.
ICAR, 2013. Nutrient requirements of sheep, goats and rabbits. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi.
Kang, S., Wanapat, M., Pakdee, P., Pilajun, R., Cherdthong, A., 2012. Effects of energy level and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as a protein source on rumen fermentation efficiency and digestibility in swamp buffalo. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 174, 131-139.
Lu, C.D., Potchioiba, M.J., 1990. Feed intake and weight gain of growing goats fed diets of various energy and protein levels. Journal of Animal Science, 68, 1751-1759.
Ma, T., Deng, K.D., Tu, Y. Zhang, N.F., Jiang, C.G., Liu, J., Zhao, Y.G., Diao, Q. Y., 2014. Effect of dietary forage to concentrate ratios on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and microbial nitrogen yields in the rumen of Dorper crossbred sheep. Livestock Science, 160, 37-44.
Mahgoub, O., Lu, C.D., Early, R.J., 2000. Effect of dietary energy density on feed intake, body weight gain and carcass chemical composition of Omani growing lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 37, 35-42.
Mahgoub, O., Lu, C.D., Hameed, M.S., Richie, A., Al-Halhali, A.S., Annamalai, K., 2005. Performance of Omani goats fed diets containing various metabolizable energy densities. Small Ruminant Research, 58, 175-180.
Menke, K.H., Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Animal Research Development, 28, 7-55.
Nalini Kumari, N., Ramana Reddy, Y., Blümmel, M., Nagalakshmi, M., Monika, T., Reddy, B. V. S., Ashok Kumar, A., 2014. Effect of feeding differently processed sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) bagasse based complete diet on nutrient utilization and microbial N supply in growing ram lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 117, 52-57.
Negesse, T., Rodehutscord, M., Pfeffer, E., 2001. The effect of dietary crude protein level on intake, growth, protein retention and utilization of growing male Saanen kids. Small Ruminant Research, 39, 243-251.
Poostindoz, V.V., Foroughi, A.R., Delkhoroshan, A., Ghaffari, M.H., Vakili, R., Soleimani, A.K., 2014. Effects of different levels of protein with or without probiotics on growth performance and blood metabolite responses during pre-and post-weaning phases in male Kurdi lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 117, 1-9.
Prakash, B., Dutta, T.K., Siddiqui, I.A., 2006. Effect of plane of nutrition on nutrient utilization and performance of Barbari kids. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 23, 29-33.
Riaz, M.Q., Südekum, K.H., Clauss, M., Jayanegara, A., 2014. Voluntary feed intake and digestibility of four domestic ruminant species as influenced by dietary constituents: A meta-analysis. Livestock Science, 162, 76-85.
Richardson, J.M., Wilkinson, R.G., Sinclair, L.A., 2003. Synchrony of nutrient supply to the rumen and dietary energy source and their effects on the growth and metabolism of lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 81: 1332-1347.
SAS, 2008. Statistical Analysis System. SAS Institute Inc. Release 9.2 ed. Cary, New York, USA.
Shamoon, M., Saleh, N., Abbo, N.Y., 2009. Effect of different levels of protein treated with formaldehyde on nutrients digestibility and some rumen and blood parameters in Awassi sheep. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science, 23, 169-173.
Sheridan, R., Ferreira, A.V., Hoffman, L.C., 2003. Production efficiency of South African mutton Merion lambs and Boer goat kids receiving either a low or a high energy feedlot diet. Small Ruminant Research, 50, 75-82.
Tauqir, N.A., Shahzad, M.A., Nisa, M., Sarwar, M., Fayyaz, M., Tipu, M.A., 2011. Response of growing buffalo calves to various energy and protein concentrations. Livestock Science, 137, 66-72.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial assistance received from World Bank funded National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India for carrying out this research work.
Conflict of interest
The authors do not have conflict of interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yerradoddi, R.R., Khan, A.A., Mallampalli, S.R. et al. Effect of protein and energy levels in sweet sorghum bagasse leaf residue-based diets on the performance of growing Deccani lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 47, 743–749 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0788-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0788-5