Abstract
This paper deals with the CO oxidation on Pd/Al2O3 catalysts under stoichiometric conditions relevant for the after-treatment of gasoline exhaust. A series of catalysts was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, whereas the Pd load was systematically varied from 0.1 to 5 wt%. The samples were physical-chemically characterized by using N2 physisorption (BET, BJH), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), temperature programmed desorption of H2 (HTPD), temperature programmed desorption of CO (CO-TPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The performance of the powder catalysts was evaluated on a laboratory test bench employing a simple gasoline model exhaust with stoichiometric CO and O2 fractions. From the characterization data it was deduced that the Pd dispersion of the catalysts decreases with precious metal load corresponding to increase in mean Pd particle size going up from ca. 5–12 nm. The correlation of the physical–chemical characteristics with the CO oxidation activity of the Pd/Al2O3 samples clearly indicated that the catalytic efficiency was predominately driven by the number of active Pd sites, whereas no size effect of the Pd entities was found.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cowley A (2013) Platinum 2013 interim review, Johnson Matthey
Engel T, Ertl G (1979) Elementary steps in the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum metals. Adv Catal 28:1–78
Kang SB, Han SJ, Nam SB, Nam IS, Cho BK, Kim CH, Oh SH (2012) Activity function describing the effect of Pd loading on the catalytic performance of modern commercial TWC. Chem Eng J 207–208:117–121
Gabasch H, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Borasio M, Weilach C, Rupprechter G, Penner S, Jenewein B, Hayek K, Klötzer B (2007) Comparison of the reactivity of different Pd–O species in CO oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 9:533–540
Bakyarova E, Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Graziani M (1998) CO oxidation on Pd/CeO2–ZrO2 catalysts. Catal Today 45:179–183
Satsuma A, Osaki K, Yanagihara M, Ohyama J, Shimizu K (2013) Activity controlling factors for low-temperature oxidation of CO over supported Pd catalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 132–133:511–518
Chen M, Wang XV, Zhang L, Tang Z, Wan H (2010) Active surfaces for CO oxidation on palladium in the hyperactive state. Langmuir 26:18113–18118
Schalow T, Brandt B, Laurin M, Schauermann S, Guimond S, Kuhlenbeck H, Libuda J, Freund HJ (2006) Formation of interface and surface oxides on supported Pd nanoparticles. Surf Sci 600:2528–2542
Klug HP, Alexander E (1954) X-Ray diffraction procedures. Wiley-VCH, New York
Gdowski GE, Felter TE, Stulen RH (1987) Effect of surface temperature on the sorption of hydrogen by Pd(111). Surf Sci Lett 181(3):L147–L155
Canton P, Menegazzo F, Polizzi S, Pinna F, Pernicone N, Riello P, Fagherazzi G (2003) Structure and size of poly-domain Pd nanoparticles supported on silica. Catal Lett 88(3–4):141–146
Noh JS, Lee JM, Lee W (2011) Low-dimensional palladium nanostructures for fast and reliable hydrogen gas detection. Sens 11:825–851
Dropsch H, Baerns M (1997) CO adsorption on supported Pd catalysts studied by adsorption microcalorimetry and temperature programmed desorption. Appl Catal A General 158(1–2):163–183
Matolin V, Jungwirtha I, Tomkova E (1991) Site dependent dissociation of CO on supported Pd particle surface: a TPD study. Prog Surf Sci 35:175–178
Behm RJ, Christmann K, Ertl G, Van Hove MA (1980) Adsorption of CO on Pd(100). J Chem Phys 73:2984–2995
Carlsson AF, Mschitzki M, Bäumer M, Freund HJ (2003) The structure and reactivity of Al2O3-supported cobalt–palladium particles: a CO-TPD, STM, and XPS study. J Phys Chem B 107:778–785
Rose MK, Mitsui T, Dunphy J, Borg A, Ogletree DF, Salmeron M, Sautet P (2002) Ordered structures of CO on Pd(111) studied by STM. Surf Sci 512:48–60
Bergeret G, Gallezot P (2008) Handbook of heterogeneous catalysis. Wiley-VCH, Wiley, Weinheim, Chichester, pp 738–765
Wang R, He H, Liu LC, Dai HX, Zhao Z (2012) Shape-dependent catalytic activity of palladium nanocrystals for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. Catal Sci Technol 2:575–580
Rainer DR, Koranne M, Vesecky SM, Goodman DW (1997) CO + O2 and CO + NO reactions over Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. J Phys Chem 101:10769–10774
Yoon DY, Kim YJ, Lim JH, Cho BK, Hong SB, Nam IS, Choung JW (2015) Thermal stability of Pd-containing LaAlO3 perovskite as a modern TWC. J Catal 330:71–83
Chen MS, Cai Y, Yan Z, Gath KK, Axnanda S, Goodman W (2007) Highly active surfaces for CO oxidation on Rh, Pd, and Pt. Surf Sci 601:5326–5331
Schalow T, Brandt B, Starr DE, Laurin M, Shaikhutdinov SK, Schauermann S, Libuda J, Freund HJ (2007) Particle size dependent adsorption and reaction kinetics on reduced and partially oxidized Pd nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 9:1347–1361
Chou P, Vannice MA (1987) Calorimetric heat of adsorption measurements on palladium: II. Influence of crystallite size and support on CO adsorption. J Catal 104:17–30
Shaikhutdinov Sh, Heemeier M, Hoffmann J, Meusel I, Richter B, Bäumer M, Kuhlenbeck H, Libuda J, Freund HJ, Oldman R, Jackson SD, Konvicka C, Schmid M, Varga P (2002) Interaction of oxygen with palladium deposited on a thin alumina film. Surf Sci 501:270–281
Meusel I, Hoffmann J, Hartmann J, Libuda J, Freund HJ (2001) Size dependent reaction kinetics on supported model catalysts: a molecular beam/IRAS study of the CO oxidation on alumina-supported Pd particles. J Phys Chem B 105:3567–3576
Stara I, Nehasil V, Matolin V (1995) The influence of particle size on CO oxidation on Pd/alumina model catalysts. Surf Sci 331–333:173–177
Acknowledgments
The financial support by European Social Fund (ESF) and Saxon State Ministry of Science and Arts (SMWK) under the project BioRedKat (SAB 100097882) is thankfully acknowledged. The authors also thank Manuel Gliech (TU Berlin) for TEM analyses.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Phan, D.Q., Kureti, S. CO Oxidation on Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts under Stoichiometric Conditions. Top Catal 60, 260–265 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0608-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0608-9