Abstract
Turbinicarpus mombergeri is a cacti species formed by a hybridization process between Turbinicarpus laui and Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus. Under natural conditions, it is very difficult for two species be genetically compatible for hybridization, and to produce flowers at the same time. Thus, T. mombergeri is a very interesting and a rare species. Unfortunately, the current populations are decreasing and now it is considered critically endangered. The aim of this research was to develop a successful protocol for propagating T. mombergeri using the in vitro culture techniques. Seed disinfection was performed with Plant Preservative Mixture, and 80% of germination occurred at day 45 in Murashige-Skoog medium. The shoots were cut longitudinally, and the segments were transferred to media containing 2.22 or 4.44 µM benzyladenine to induce shooting. The generated shoots were highly hydrated, and presented abundant callus. The hyperhydricity was controlled by reducing salt medium concentration, by increasing calcium levels and by using polyethylenglycol. The reduction of callus was attained by adding tri-iodo benzoic acid. Vigorous and thick shoots were generated in medium containing urea, and rooting improved in the presence of 0.5 µM indoleacetic acid. Plantlets with normal morphology were obtained, and the survival rate of the plants in soil was 80%. The methodology developed represents an alternative for propagation of T. mombergeri under controlled conditions for commercial or conservation purposes.
Key message
The paper describes several approaches to avoid the hyperhydricity and callus formation, to improve quality of shoots and to increase the development of roots during the micropropagation process of the endangered cacti T. mombergeri.
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Data and material are available at the Faculty of Chemistry, UASLP.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to CONACYT for the scholarship to JAR, to the Biologist Alberto Arredondo Gómez for the kind donation of T. mombergeri seeds and to Eng. Francisco Sánchez-Barra for the Turbinicarpus photos.
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The authors thank to SEMARNAT-CONACYT for the financial support (Project 2002-C01-500).
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MLSD realized the propagation of shoots, the experiments focused on reduction of hyperhydricity and callus formation, and the rooting of shoots. JAR participated in the germination of seeds and induction of T. mombergeri shoots. MSSD is the leader of the group, designed the project and experimental work, participated in revision, discussion of results, wrote the paper and elaborated tables and figures.
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Communicated by Klaus Eimert.
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Santos-Díaz, M.d., Santos-Díaz, M.d. & Alvarado-Rodríguez, J. In vitro regeneration of the endangered cactus Turbincarpus mombergeri (Riha), a hybrid of T. laui × T. pseudopectinatus. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 148, 271–279 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02181-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02181-5