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Morphological, antioxidant enzyme activity and secondary metabolites accumulation in response of polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in embryo-derived plantlets and callus cultures of Salvia leriifolia

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Abstract

In this study, different levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (5, 7.5 and 10% w/v) were applied to induce drought stress in the embryo and callus culture of Salvia leriifolia Benth, an Iranian medicinal plant. The results related to the embryo culture showed that the germination percentage, stem length, root and stem diameter and total chlorophyll content of plantlets decreased by increasing the PEG concentration, while the highest root length was obtained at the lower PEG concentration (5%). The short-term callus culturing on the media containing different concentrations of PEG resulted in an insignificant difference in the fresh weight, dry weight, and browning intensity of calli between the PEG-free and 5% PEG medium. The proline, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents as indicators of oxidative stress significantly increased in the plantlets and calli at all PEG concentrations. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase and guaiacol peroxidase also increased while superoxide dismutase activity decreased. The rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and salvianolic acid B contents increased significantly in all the plantlets and calli culture media containing the PEG. However, the highest contents of these secondary metabolites in plantlets and callus cultures were observed in the medium with 5% PEG. Totally, the results showed that, the short-term reduction in the osmotic potential of culture medium by low concentration of PEG elicitor can effectively improve the content of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and salvianolic acid B in S. leriifolia, especially in callus cultures.

Key message

Polyethylene glycol elicitor as a drought stress inducer can be effectively improved the content of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and salvianolic acid B in plantlet and callus culture of Salvia leriifolia benth.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

DW:

Dry weight

FW:

Fresh weight

GPX:

Guaiacol peroxidase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PPO:

Polyphenol oxidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Department of Horticulture Science and Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture Science and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

    Najmeh Sadat Hosseini, Ziba Ghasimi Hagh & Hassan Khoshghalb

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  1. Najmeh Sadat Hosseini
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  2. Ziba Ghasimi Hagh
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  3. Hassan Khoshghalb
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Contributions

NSH contributed to in vitro cultures establishment, data extraction, and statistical analysis. ZGH conceived and designed research, supervised the whole experiments, statistical analysis, and wrote the manuscript. HK supervised the study and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ziba Ghasimi Hagh.

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Communicated by Silvia Moreno.

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Hosseini, N.S., Ghasimi Hagh, Z. & Khoshghalb, H. Morphological, antioxidant enzyme activity and secondary metabolites accumulation in response of polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in embryo-derived plantlets and callus cultures of Salvia leriifolia. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 140, 143–155 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01718-z

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