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Spectrum sharing for LTE and 5G-NR coexistence

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Abstract

Spectrum sharing provides a rapid migration pathway toward 5G by enabling the coexistence of 4G LTE and 5G new radio (NR) that share the same spectrum. Due to significant differences in the LTE and 5G-NR air interfaces, several enablers are required to facilitate the spectrum sharing. In this study, we explore the coexistence features and investigate their impacts on network performance. For static and dynamic spectrum sharing scenarios, we assess the impacts of different spectrum sharing ratios, user ratios, MIMO configurations, mixed numerology profiles and traffic patterns on the user throughput and network capacities of spectrum sharing networks, compared with the LTE only and 5G-NR only networks with exclusive spectrum access. The key results show that spectrum sharing leads to a marginal capacity gain over LTE only network and achieves considerably lower capacity than the 5G-NR only network. Also, the results show that mixed numerology profiles between the LTE and 5G-NR lead to capacity losses due to inter-numerology interference. In addition, user and spectrum sharing ratios between LTE and 5G-NR have critical impacts on performance. Reduced spectrum per device as the number of 5G devices increases, higher signaling overhead and higher scheduling complexity are other limiting factors for spectrum sharing networks. The results show limited capacity benefits and reinforce spectrum sharing between LTE and 5G-NR as mainly an evolutionary path to accommodate 5G users in the same LTE spectrum while migrating to the fully-fledged 5G networks. For significant capacity increase, other features such as carrier aggregation, overlay of small cells and higher order MIMO would need to be incorporated into the network.

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Funding

This work is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal)/MEC through national funds under the MATRIS project with reference number 2022.07313.PTDC (https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.07313.PTDC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal

    Sherif Adeshina Busari & Jonathan Rodriguez

  2. CEOT, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Noélia Correia

  3. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Firooz B. Saghezchi

  4. Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

    Shahid Mumtaz

  5. University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK

    Jonathan Rodriguez

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  1. Sherif Adeshina Busari
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  2. Noélia Correia
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  3. Firooz B. Saghezchi
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  4. Shahid Mumtaz
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  5. Jonathan Rodriguez
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Original draft preparation, simulations and results presentations, analyses and visualisation were performed by Sherif Adeshina Busari. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sherif Adeshina Busari. All authors edited and revised the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sherif Adeshina Busari.

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Busari, S.A., Correia, N., Saghezchi, F.B. et al. Spectrum sharing for LTE and 5G-NR coexistence. Telecommun Syst 85, 649–664 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-024-01113-w

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