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A new species and emendation of the seldom reported Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940 (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea), including a revised phylogenetic hypothesis for turtle blood flukes

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Abstract

Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940 is emended herein based upon a review of the literature and a description of a new species (Enterohaematotrema triettruongi n. sp.) infecting yellow-headed temple turtles, Heosemys annandalii (Boulenger) (Cryptodira: Geoemydidae), in the Mekong River, Vietnam. The new species differs from the published descriptions of its congeners Enterohaematotrema palaeorticum Mehra, 1940 and Enterohaematotrema hepaticum (Simha, 1958) Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 by having two distinctive oesophageal glands, a short and eversible cirrus (vs protrusive with 3 distinct processes), a dorsal common genital pore that is sinistral (vs ventral and medial), a transverse (vs longitudinal) external seminal vesicle, an oviducal seminal receptacle that is sinistral (vs dextral), and a vitellarium distributing from the caecal bifurcation (anterior to the ventral sucker) to the caecal tips (vs vitellarium not extending anteriad beyond ventral sucker in E. palaeorticum or vitellarium wholly posterior to the terminal genitalia in E. hepaticum). A phylogenetic analysis of the D1-D3 domains of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S) recovered Enterohaematotrema and Platt Roberts & Bullard, 2016 as sister taxa that share a recent common ancestor with the clade comprising Ruavermis Dutton & Bullard, 2020 and Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933. These flukes collectively comprise a monophyletic group of southeast Asian turtle blood flukes. This analysis also indicated that the massive, longitudinal metraterm of species of Enterohaematotrema and Uterotrema Platt & Pichelin, 1994 represents homoplasy (convergent evolution). The present study comprises the first morphological study of original specimens of any species of Enterohematotrema in more than 50 years and is the first molecular phylogenetic placement of the genus among the various turtle blood fluke lineages.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Triet Nhat Truong (Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, USA) for coordinating the collection of parasites in Vietnam.

Funding

This study was supported by research grants from Auburn University’s Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, the Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Project (Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources), and the Alabama Agriculture Experiment Station.

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  1. Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Haley R. Dutton & Stephen A. Bullard

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  1. Haley R. Dutton
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  2. Stephen A. Bullard
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Correspondence to Haley R. Dutton.

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Ethical approval

All applicable institutional, national and international guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Sampling was approved by the Peopleʼs Committee of Dong Thap Province (permit no. 85/UBND-ĐN/ 30 August 2018).

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This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FAAD39F3-8B4D-4073-BAC2-3B08047CCBA0. This article was published as an Online First article on the online publication date shown on this page. The article should be cited by using the doi number. This is the Version of Record.

This article is part of the Topical Collection Digenea.

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Dutton, H.R., Bullard, S.A. A new species and emendation of the seldom reported Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940 (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea), including a revised phylogenetic hypothesis for turtle blood flukes. Syst Parasitol 97, 335–345 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-020-09920-w

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