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Impact of Distance Determinations on Galactic Structure. II. Old Tracers

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Abstract

Here we review the efforts of a number of recent results that use old tracers to understand the build up of the Galaxy. Details that lead directly to using these old tracers to measure distances are discussed. We concentrate on the following: (1) the structure and evolution of the Galactic bulge and inner Galaxy constrained from the dynamics of individual stars residing therein; (2) the spatial structure of the old Galactic bulge through photometric observations of RR Lyrae-type stars; (3) the three-dimensional structure, stellar density, mass, chemical composition, and age of the Milky Way bulge as traced by its old stellar populations; (4) an overview of RR Lyrae stars known in the ultra-faint dwarfs and their relation to the Galactic halo; and (5) different approaches for estimating absolute and relative cluster ages.

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Notes

  1. \(\log \epsilon \text{A} \equiv \log_{\mathrm{10}}(\text{N}_{\mathrm{A}}/\text{N}_{\mathrm{H}}) + 12.0\).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Saint Martin’s University, 5000 Abbey Way SE, Lacey, WA, 98503, USA

    Andrea Kunder

  2. European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748, Garching bei Munich, Germany

    Elena Valenti

  3. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiarello 16, 80131, Napoli, Italy

    Massimo Dall’Ora, Marcella Marconi, Ilaria Musella & Vincenzo Ripepi

  4. Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478, Warszawa, Poland

    Pawel Pietrukowicz

  5. Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Chris Sneden

  6. Universita’ di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Giuseppe Bono

  7. INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

    Giuseppe Bono, Ivan Ferraro & Giacinto Iannicola

  8. Instituto Milenio de Astrofisica, Santiago, Chile

    Vittorio F. Braga

  9. Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

    Vittorio F. Braga

  10. IINAF—OAS Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Giuliana Fiorentino

  11. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

    Clara E. Martínez-Vázquez

  12. IAC—Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Lactea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Clara E. Martínez-Vázquez

  13. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Calle Via Lactea, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Matteo Monelli

  14. Astrophysics Research Institute, John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK

    Maurizio Salaris

  15. DAO/HIA, NRC, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7, Canada

    Peter B. Stetson

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Correspondence to Andrea Kunder.

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Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age

Edited by Richard de Grijs and Maurizio Falanga

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Kunder, A., Valenti, E., Dall’Ora, M. et al. Impact of Distance Determinations on Galactic Structure. II. Old Tracers. Space Sci Rev 214, 90 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-018-0519-0

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