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The Composition of Comets

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Abstract

This paper is the result of the International Cometary Workshop, held in Toulouse, France in April 2014, where the participants came together to assess our knowledge of comets prior to the ESA Rosetta Mission. In this paper, we look at the composition of the gas and dust from the comae of comets. With the gas, we cover the various taxonomic studies that have broken comets into groups and compare what is seen at all wavelengths. We also discuss what has been learned from mass spectrometers during flybys. A few caveats for our interpretation are discussed. With dust, much of our information comes from flybys. They include in situ analyses as well as samples returned to Earth for laboratory measurements. Remote sensing IR observations and polarimetry are also discussed. For both gas and dust, we discuss what instruments the Rosetta spacecraft and Philae lander will bring to bear to improve our understanding of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as “ground-truth” for our previous comprehensive studies. Finally, we summarize some of the initial Rosetta Mission findings.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Paul Feldman, Dr. Jacques Crovisier, Dr. Neil Dello Russo and Dr. Adam McKay for helpful comments and making data available for our use. Partial support from CNES (the French Space Agency) is acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA

    Anita L. Cochran

  2. LATMOS, UPMC, Paris, France

    Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd

  3. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA

    Martin Cordiner, Adeline Gicquel, Steven B. Charnley, Michael J. Mumma & Lucas Paganini

  4. LATMOS, UPMC, Guyancourt, France

    Edith Hadamcik

  5. IRAP, UPS, Toulouse, France

    Jérémie Lasue

  6. Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USA

    David G. Schleicher

  7. Observatoire de Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France

    Dominique Bockelée-Morvan & Nicolas Biver

  8. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

    Yi-Jehng Kuan

  9. MPS, Göttingen, Germany

    Adeline Gicquel

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  1. Anita L. Cochran
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Cochran, A.L., Levasseur-Regourd, AC., Cordiner, M. et al. The Composition of Comets. Space Sci Rev 197, 9–46 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0183-6

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