Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative Analysis of Rural to Urban Multidimensional Poverty and Its Correlates at Household Level in Gamo Zone of Southern Ethiopia

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Social Indicators Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Multidimensional poverty is the main problem in rural as compared to urban areas of Southern Ethiopia. Despite numerous efforts made to measure multidimensional aspects of welfare at the national level. However, there exist limited studies done on a comparative analysis of rural to urban. This study assesses the problem by comparing urban (Arba Minch town) with rural areas of Gamo zone in Southern Ethiopia. The aim was to measure the level and identify the underlying factors of multidimensional poverty. A representative 396 households selected using both stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The primary data analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and econometrics (ordered logit model) analyses. The Alkire and Santos method was used to measure the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and its category. The result shows that multidimensional poverty is more chronic in rural people (with an incidence of 54%, 76% of severity, and 41% of MPI) than people in urban (with an incidence of 48%, 45% of severity, and 22% of MPI). The level of venerability to multidimensional poverty measures influenced by a number of demographic, socio-economic, farm-specific attributes, institutional factors in combination with composite indicators of MPI. The case study shows that poverty reduction policies and programs have to be designed for urban and rural areas by capturing the associate aggravating factors. Therefore, the study suggests holistic policies and strategies across the country should be abandoned and disaggregated into urban and rural by policymakers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Source: Own computation, based on household survey data, 2019

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed in the study will be available from the authors on reasonable request.

References

  • Abeje, M. T., Tsunekawa, A., Haregeweyn, N., Ayalew, Z., Nigussie, Z., Berihun, D., Adgo, E., & Elias, A. (2020). Multidimensional poverty and inequality: Insights form the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Social Indicators Research, 149, 585–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02257-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alemayehu, A., Parend, M., & Biratu, Y. (2015). Multidimensional poverty in Ethiopia, change in overlapping deprivations. Poverty Research Working Paper: 7417. The World Bank Group.

  • Alkire, S. (2010). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurements. University of Oxford, OPHI Working Paper No. 7.

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Understanding and misunderstandings of multidimensional poverty measurement. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Alkire, S., Conconi, A., & Seth, S. (2014). Multidimensional Poverty Index 2014: Brief Methodological Note and Results. The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), Oxford Department of International Development. UK: University of Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., & Suppa, N. (2018). The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): 2018 revision. University of Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alkire, S., & Santos, M. (2010). Acute multidimensional poverty: A new index for developing countries. OPHI Working Paper (Vol. no. 38). Oxford, UK: Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bersisa, M. (2016). Multidimensional Measure of Poverty in Ethiopia: Factor and Stochastic Dominance Analysis. In A. Heshmati (Ed.), Poverty and Well-Being in East Africa, Economic Studies in Inequality. Social Exclusion and Well-Being. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-19-30981-1_10.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • CSA (Central Statistical Authority). (2014). Population projection of Ethiopia for all regions at Wereda Level from 2014 to 2017. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Authority.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deressa, T. K., & Sharma, M. K. (2014). Determinant of poverty in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Economics, XXIII(1), 114–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyasu, A. M. (2020). Determinants of poverty in rural households: Evidence from North-Western Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1823652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallardo, M. (2020). Measuring vulnerability to multidimensional poverty. Social Indicators Research, 178, 67–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02192-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gebretsadik, G. H. (2015). Comparison of multidimensional measurements of poverty analysis: Cross sectional data evidence from Tigray. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 15, 134–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goshu, D. (2020). Adapting multidimensional poverty and inequality measures to national and regional contexts: Evidence from Ethiopia. Tanzania Journal of Development Studies (TJDS), 17(2), 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenland, S. (1985). An application of logistic models to the analysis of ordinal responses. Biometrical Journal, 27, 189–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Girma & Temesegen. (2017). Determinants and its extent of rural poverty in Ethiopia: Evidence from Doyogena District, Southern part of Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 10(3), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.5897/JEIF2017.0837.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hishe Gebreslassie, G. (2013). Multidimensional measures of poverty analysis in urban areas of Afar regional state. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 4(7), 2627–2635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Megbowon, E. T. (2018). Multidimensional poverty analysis of urban and rural households in South Africa. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Economic Volume, 63(1), 3–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moges, F. (2018). Determinants of household level urban poverty the case of Wolayita Sodo Town. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9, 57–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed, B. (2017). Measurement and determinants of urban poverty in case of SNNPR, Ethiopia. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(3), 181–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • NPC (National Planning Commission). (2010/11). Interim report on 2010/11 poverty analysis study. NPC

  • NPC. (2016). Interim report on 2015/16 poverty analysis study. National Planning Commission (NPC).

    Google Scholar 

  • NPC. (2017). Ethiopia’s progress towards eradicating poverty: An interim report on 2015/16 poverty analysis study. NPC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyekale, T. O. (2013). Assessment of multidimensional poverty in rural and urban Nigeria: Evidence from demographic and health survey. Journal of Human Ecology, 42(2), 141–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sender, J. (2019). Assessing poverty trends in Ethiopia, 1990–2015. In F. Cheru, C. Craner, & Q. Arkebe (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the Ethiopian economy. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimeles, A. (2019). Growth, poverty, and distribution in Ethiopia. In F. Cheru, C. Craner, & Q. Arkebe (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the Ethiopian economy. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisay, D., & Efta, H. Z. (2020). Analysis of poverty, income inequality and their effects on food insecurity in southern Ethiopia. Agric Food Security. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-020-00269-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tassew, W., & Mesele, W. (2019). Poverty and inequality in Ethiopia, 1995/6–2015/15. In F. Cheru, C. Craner, & Q. Arkebe (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the Ethiopian economy. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tigre, G. (2018). Multidimensional poverty and its dynamics in Ethiopia. In A. Heshmati & H. Yoon (Eds.), Economic growth and development in Ethiopia: Perspectives on development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8126-2_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tigre, G. (2019). Multidimensional poverty, inequality, vulnerability to poverty, and production factor risks in Ethiopia. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

  • UNDP. (2020). Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019 illuminating inequalities. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/MPI2019publication.pdf

  • WB. (2015). Ethiopia Poverty Assessment (No. Acs12005). Poverty Global Practice Africa Region.

  • WB. (2020). https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/04/16/ethiopia-has-made-major-strides-in-poverty-reduction-but-disparities-inequality-remain

  • Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

We would like to extend our deep heartfelt gratitude to Arba Minch University for providing financial support and those who have helped in all courses in the research process.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 5563, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Sisay Debebe

  2. College of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

    Tilaye Wuletaw

Authors
  1. Sisay Debebe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tilaye Wuletaw
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sisay Debebe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

We declare that we do not have conflict of interests.

Consent to Participate

Prior to data collection, the research obtained a full consent of respondents. The primary data obtained from each respondent was kept confidential and agreed with the respondents to use for academic propose only. Finally, all participants including survey enumerators, supervisors, and key informants were provided adequate training for survey administration.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Debebe, S., Wuletaw, T. Comparative Analysis of Rural to Urban Multidimensional Poverty and Its Correlates at Household Level in Gamo Zone of Southern Ethiopia. Soc Indic Res 162, 107–121 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02833-1

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02833-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation