Many unstable slopes are extensively supported by stabilizing piles. Excavation work, rainfall, and earthquakes can cause lateral soil movement, creating forces that act on the stabilizing piles. We present a new simplified method based on the Winkler elastic model for analyzing the response of flexible piles subjected to lateral soil movement in landslides. The new method can analyze cases in which the movement depth profile of the sliding layer is arbitrary by using a two-stage analysis method. First, the free-field soil movement data of the unstable soil mass are fitted by a polynomial spline using the leastsquares method. Then a system of differential equations for flexible piles subjected to lateral soil movement is presented to describe the behavior of the piles embedded in the slope. The formulation considers the soil-pile interaction to derive the analytical solution via a matrix pattern. Finally, the proposed method is verified by comparing the calculated results with those of three published case studies. The results show a good correlation between the calculated and measured responses of flexible stabilizing piles, verifying the reliability of the proposed analytical solution.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y.K. Chow, "Analysis of piles used for slope stabilization," Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 20(9), 635-646 (1996).
M.F. Randolph, "The response of flexible piles to lateral loading," Geotechnique, 31(2), 247-259 (1981).
H.G. Poulos, "Analysis of piles in soil undergoing lateral movement," J. Soil Mech. Found. Eng. ASCE, 99(4), 391-406 (1973).
H.G. Poulos, and T.S. Hull, "The role of analytical geomechanics in foundation engineering," Proceeding of the 1989 Foundation Engineering Conference. Evanston, Illinois, pp.1578-1606 (1989)
A.J. Zhang, H.H. Mo, and Z.D. Zhu, "Analytical solution to interaction between passive pile and soils," Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 33 (s2), 120-127 (2011).
A.J. Zhang, H.H. Mo, and A.G. Li, "Analytical solution for passive piles subject to lateral soil movement," In Proc. of the 2nd ISRM International Young Scholars' Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Taylor & Francis Group, Beijing, China, pp.703-708 (2011).
H.G. Poulos, "Design of reinforcing piles to increase slope stability," Can. Geotech. J., 32(5), 808-818 (1995).
H.G. Poulos, and L. Chen, "Pile response due to excavation-induced lateral soil movement," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(2), 94-99 (1997).
P.J. Pise, "Laterally loaded piles in a two-layer soil system," J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE, 108(9), 1177-1181 (1982).
S. Kanagasabai, J.A. Smethurst, and W. Powrie, "Three-dimensional numerical modelling of discrete piles used to stabilize landslides," Can. Geotech. J., 48(9), 1393-1411 (2011).
M. Hetenyi, "Beams on elastic foundation," University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1946).
H. Matlock and L. Reese, "Generalized solutions for laterally loaded piles," J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE, 86(5), 63-91 (1960).
F. Cai and K. Ugai, "Response of flexible piles under laterally linear movement of the sliding layer in landslides," Can. Geotech. J., 40(1), 46-53 (2003).
F. Cai and K. Ugai, "A subgrade reaction solution for piles to stabilise landslides," Geotechnique, 61(2), 143-151 (2011).
H. Matlock, "Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay," In Proc. of the 2nd Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, pp. 577-594 (1970).
L.C. Reese, W.R. Cox, and F.D. Koop, "Analysis of laterally loaded piles in sand," In Proceedings of the 6th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, pp. 473-483 (1974).
L.C. Reese and R.C. Welch, "Lateral loadings of deep foundations in stiff clay," J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE, 101(7), 633-649 (1974).
Y. Fukumoto, "The behaviour of piles for preventing landslide," Soils Found., 16(2), 91-103 (1976).
W.D. Guo, "Pu-based solutions for slope stabilizing piles," Int. J. Geomech., 13(3), 292-310 (2013).
A.J. Zhang and H.H. Mo, "Theoretical elastio-plastic solution for piles subject to lateral soil movement," Proc. Earth Planet. Sci., 5, 58-63 (2012).
R. Frank and P. Pouget, "Experimental pile subjected to long duration thrusts owing to a moving slope," Geotechnique, 58(7), 645 -658 (2008).
A.T.C. Goh, K.S. Wong, and C.I. Teh et al., "Pile Response adjacent to braced excavation," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(4), 383-386 (2003).
J.A. Smethurst and W. Powrie, "Monitoring and analysis of the bending behaviour of discrete piles used to stabilise a railway embankment," Geotechnique, 57(8), 663-77 (2007).
A.J. Zhang and H.H. Mo, "Two-Stage Analysis for behavior of adjacent piles due to Excavationinduced Lateral soil movement," Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 32(s1), 2746-2750 (2013).
A.J. Zhang, "Model of interaction between pile and soil & simplified calculating method of pile used to stability unstable slope," South China University of Technology, PhD thesis, GuangZhou, China (2013).
A.S. Vesic, "Bending of beams resting on isotropic elastic solids," J. Soil Mech. Found. Eng. ASCE, 87(2), 35-53 (1961).
W.G.K. Fleming, A.J. Weltman, M.F. Randolph, and W.K. Elson, Piling Engineering, Wiley, New York (1992).
F. Esu and B. D'elia, "Interazione terreno-struttura in un palosollectato dauna frana tipo colata," Riv. Itali. Geotech., 111(8), 27-38 (1974).
L.T. Chen and H.G. Poulos HG, "Piles subjectted to lateral soil movements," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(9), 802-811 (1997).
H.G. Poulos and H. Davis, Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1980).
L. Decourt L, "Load-deflection prediction for laterally loaded piles based on N-SPT values," In Proc. of 9th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 549-556 (1991).
H. Kishida and S. Nakai, "Large deflection of a single pile under horizontal load," In Proc. of the IX International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 87-92 (1977).
M. Ashour and H. Ardalan, "Analysis of pile stabilized slopes based on soil-pile interaction," Comput. Geotech., 39, 85-97 (2012).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 2, p. 40, March-April, 2016.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, AJ., Mo, HH. & Zhang, JC. Analytical Prediction for Piles Used for Slope Stabilization. Soil Mech Found Eng 53, 108–118 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-016-9373-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-016-9373-9