Skip to main content
Log in

Effects of Freezing and Thawing on the Consolidation Settlement of Soils

  • Published:
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Aims and scope

The effects of freezing and thawing on consolidation parameters and other properties of soil were investigated experimentally. Samples of soils were collected in-situ and characterized in the laboratory. Index properties of soil samples were determined by conducting sieve analyses, hydrometer tests, specific gravity tests, and liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit tests before and after 30 freezing-thawing cycles. Microstructure and elemental composition of the soil samples were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, respectively. To determine the effects of freezing thawing onto the consolidation parameters of soil, consolidation tests were conducted on the samples before and after the freezing-thawing cycles. After 30 freezing-thawing cycles, consolidation settlements increased by about 23%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W.H. Utomo and A.R. Dexter, “Changes in soil aggregate water stability induced by wetting and drying cycles in non-saturated soil,” J. Soil Sci., 33, 623-637 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Rajeram and D.C. Erbach. “Drying stres effect on mechanical behavior of a clay-loam soil,” Soil Tillage Res., 49(1-2), 147-158 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Six, H. Bossuyt, S. Degryze, K. Denek, “A history of research on the link between (micro) aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics,” Soil Tillage Res., 79(1), 7-31 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D.A. Lipson and S.K. Schmidt, “Seasonal changes in an alpine soil bacterial community in the Colorado Rocky Mountains,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70(5), 2867-2879 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. T.S. De Oliveira, L.M. De Costa, and C.E. Schaefer, “Water-dispersible clay after wetting and drying cycles in four Brazilian oxisols,” Soil Tillage Res., 83, 260-269 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. G.R Benoit, “Effect of freze-thaw cycles on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity of three soil aggregate sizes,” Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 37, 3-5 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M.S. Bullock, W.D Kemper, and S.D. Nelson, “Soil cohesion as effected by freezing, water content, time and tillage,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 52, 770-776 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Mostaghimi, R.A. Young, A.R. Wiltts, and A.L. Kenime, “Effects of frost action on soil aggregate stability,” Trans of ASAE, 31(2), 435-439 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Sonmez, “Toprak Koruma,” Ataturk Univ. Ziraat Fakultesi Yayinlari, 169, 192 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  10. U. Sahin, M.Y. Canbolat and O. Anapali, “DC kosullarinin bazi toprak-su parametreleri uzerine etkisi,” Ataturk Univ. Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, 30(1), 41-47 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  11. R.M. Cruse, M. Roberto, and C.W. Mize, “Surface residue effects on erosion of thawing soils,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65, 178-184 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. C.J. Bronick and R. Lal, “Soil structure and management: a review,” Geoderma, 124(1-2), 3-22 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S.H. Kvaerno and L. Oygarden, “The influence of freeze-thaw cycles and soil moisture on aggregate stability of three soils in Norway,” Catena, 67(3), 175-182 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. G.A. Lehrsch, R.E. Sojka, D.L. Carter, and P.M. Jolley, “Freezing effects on aggregate stability affected by texture, mineralogy, and organic matter,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 1401-1406 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Y. Huseyin and E. Hayreddin, “Settlements under consecutive series of cyclic loading,” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 27, No. 6, p. 577-585 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. E.L. Aksakal, “Polimer (pva&pam) ve humik asit (ha) uygulamalarinin DC sureclerine maruz kalan topraklarin stabilite olcutleri uzerine etkileri,”, Ataturk Univ. Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu, Doktora tezi (2009).

  17. A.S. Soganci, “Tekrarli donma ve cozulmenin kirec ile stabilize edilmis zeminlerin mukavemet ve permeabilitesine etkisi,” Yuksek Lisans Tezi, Selcuk Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu, (2004).

  18. I. Demiralay, “Toprak Fizigi Ders Notlari,” Ataturk Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Toprak Bolumu, 232 (2014).

  19. J.L. Pikul and R.R. Allmaras, “Hydraulic potantial in unfrozen soil in response to diurnal freezing on thawing of the soil surface,” Trans. ASAE, 28, 164-168 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J.S.C. Mbagwu and P. Bazzoffi, “Effect of antecedent matric potential on the stability of soil aggregates subjected to cyclic freezing and thawing as evaluated by three structural indices,” Soil Technol., 2 (1), 59-70 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. B.D. Kay, C.D. Grant, and P.H. Groenevelt, “Significance of ground freezing on soil bulk density under zero tillage,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49(4), 973-978 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. W.B. Voorhees, “Relative effectiveness of tillage and natural forces in alleviating wheel-induced soil compaction,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47, 129-133 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Oztas and F. Fayetorbay, “Effect of freezing and thawing processes on soil a gregate stability,” Catena, 52(1), 1-8 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. L.C. Wong and M.D. Haug, “Cyclical Closed-System Freze-Thaw Permeability Testing of Soil Liner and Cover Materials,” Can. Geotech. J., 28, 784-793 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. E. Alkan, “Effects of silica fume on the geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils exposed to freeze and thaw,” Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 58, No. 3, 130-135 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ya-zhou Zou and C. Boley, “Compressibility of fine-grained soils subjected to closed-system freezing and thaw consolidation,” Min. Sci. Technol. (China), 19, No. 5, 631-635 (2009).

  27. Yugui Yang, Yuanming Lai, and Xiaoxiao Chang, “Laboratory and theoretical investigations on the deformation and strength behaviours of artificial frozen soil,” Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 64, No. 1, 39-45 (2010).

  28. Yuanming Lai, Xiangtian Xu, Yuanhong Dong, and Shuangyang Li, “Present situation and prospect of mechanical research on frozen soils in China” Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 87, 6-18 (2013).

  29. Wei Wang, Lijun Yang, and Li Feng, “Study on Mathematical Stress-strain Model of Frozen-thawed Soil Based on Structure Mechanism,” Proc. Environ. Sci., 12, Part B, 1129-1136 (2012).

  30. Xianjun Tan, Weizhong Chen, Jianping Yang, and Junjie Cao, “Laboratory investigations on the mechanical properties degradation of granite under freeze-thaw cycles” Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 68, No. 3, September, 130-138 (2011).

  31. Jong-Beom Kang and Charles D. Shackelford, “Consolidation enhanced membrane behaviour of a geosynthetic clay liner,” Geotex. Geomembranes, 29, No. 6, 544-556 (2011).

  32. TS 1900-1, “Insaat Muhendisliginde Zemin Laboratuvar Deneyleri-Bolum1: Fiziksel ozelliklerin tayini,” Turk Standartlari Enstitusu., 5-52 (2006).

  33. Erturk Songul, “Examining some engineering parameters of soils exposed to different freezing and thawing cycles,” Duzce University Institute of Science and Technology, M.Sc. Thesis (2012).

  34. TS EN 1367-1, “Agregalarin termal ve bozunma ozellikleri icin deneyler-Bolum 1: Donma ve cozulmeye karsi direncinin tayini,” Turk Standartlari Enstitusu., 4-5 (2001).

  35. E. Ozgan, S. Serin, and S. Erturk, “Examining some engineering parameters of soils exposed to different freezing and thawing cycles,” Final Report, Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Unit, No: 2011.03.05.066 (2012).

  36. Krishna Reddy, “Engineering Properties of Soils Based on Laboratory Testing,” UIC, www.uic.edu/classes/cemm/cemmlab/Experiment%2011-Consolidation.pdf (2014)

  37. ASTM D 2435, “Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils,” (2011).

  38. The Geotechnical Virtual Laboratory, “Consolidation Test,” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cae.20053/pdf (2005).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 5, p. 7, September-October, 2015.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Özgan, E., Serin, S., Ertürk, S. et al. Effects of Freezing and Thawing on the Consolidation Settlement of Soils. Soil Mech Found Eng 52, 247–253 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-015-9336-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-015-9336-6

Keywords

Navigation