Skip to main content
Log in

Do highly cited researchers successfully use the social web?

  • Published:
Scientometrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Academics can now use the web and the social websites to disseminate scholarly information in a variety of different ways. Although some scholars have taken advantage of these new online opportunities, it is not clear how widespread their uptake is or how much impact they can have. This study assesses the extent to which successful scientists have social web presences, focusing on one influential group: highly cited researchers working at European institutions. It also assesses the impact of these presences. We manually and systematically identified if the European highly cited researchers had profiles in Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, Mendeley, Academia and LinkedIn or any content in SlideShare. We then used URL mentions and altmetric indicators to assess the impact of the web presences found. Although most of the scientists had an institutional website of some kind, few had created a profile in any social website investigated, and LinkedIn—the only non-academic site in the list—was the most popular. Scientists having one kind of social web profile were more likely to have another in many cases, especially in the life sciences and engineering. In most cases it was possible to estimate the relative impact of the profiles using a readily available statistic and there were disciplinary differences in the impact of the different kinds of profiles. Most social web profiles had some evidence of uptake, if not impact; nevertheless, the value of the indicators used is unclear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adie, E., & Roe, W. (2013). Altmetric: Enriching scholarly content with article-level discussion and metrics. Learned Publishing, 26(1), 11–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aguillo, I. F. (2012). Is Google Scholar useful for bibliometrics? A webometric analysis. Scientometrics, 91(2), 343–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antelman, K. (2004). Do open-access articles have a greater research impact? College & Research Libraries, 65(5), 372–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakkalbasi, N., Bauer, K., Glover, J., & Wang, L. (2006). Three options for citation tracking: Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science. Biomedical Digital Library, 3(1), 7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Ilan, J. (2004). A microscopic link analysis of academic institutions within a country—The case of Israel. Scientometrics, 59(3), 391–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Ilan, J. (2010). Web of Science with the Conference Proceedings Citation Indexes: The case of computer science. Scientometrics, 83(3), 809–824.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Ilan, J., Haustein, S., Peters, I., Priem, S., Shema, H., & Terliesner, J. (2012). Beyond citations: Scholars’ visibility on the social Web. In Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators (pp. 98–109), Montréal: Science-Metrix and OST.

  • Bar-Ilan, J., Levene, M., & Lin, A. (2007). Some measures for comparing citation databases. Journal of Informetrics, 1(1), 26–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barjak, F. (2006). The role of the Internet in informal scholarly communication. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(10), 1350–1367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barjak, F., Li, X., & Thelwall, M. (2007). Which factors explain the web impact of scientists’ personal homepages? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(2), 200–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barjak, F., & Thelwall, M. (2008). A statistical analysis of the web presences of European life sciences research teams. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(4), 628–643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Björk, B.-C., Welling P., Laakso, M., Majlender P., Hedlund T., & Gudnasson, G. (2010). Open access to the scientific journal literature: Situation 2009. PLoS One, 5(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011273.

  • Bollen, J., Van De Sompel, H., Hagberg, A., & Chute, R. (2009). A principal component analysis of 39 scientific impact measures, PLoS One, 4(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006022.

  • Brody, T., Harnad, S., & Carr, L. (2006). Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(8), 1060–1072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, T. A. (1986). Evidence of complex citer motivations. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 37(1), 34–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C. (2007). The role of Web-based information in the scholarly communication of chemists: Citation and content analyses of American Chemical Society Journals. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(13), 2055–2065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C., Sun, K., Wu, G., Tang, Q., Qin, J., Chiu, K., et al. (2009). The impact of internet resources on scholarly communication: A citation analysis. Scientometrics, 81(2), 459–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, J. C., & Park, H. W. (2012). Web visibility of scholars in media and communication journals. Scientometrics, 93(1), 207–215. doi:10.1007/s11192-012-0707-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Couto, F.M., Pesquita, C., Grego, T., & Veríssimo, P. Handling self-citations using Google Scholar. Cybermetrics. 2009, 13(1). Online document. http://cybermetrics.cindoc.csic.es/articles/v13i1p2.html. Accessed 21 November 2012.

  • Cronin, B. (1982). Norms and functions in citation: The view of journals editors and referees in psychology. Social Science Information Studies, 2, 65–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, B. (1984). The citation process. The role and significance of citations in scientific communication. London: Taylor Graham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumont, K., & Frindte, W. (2005). Content analysis of the homepages of academic psychologists. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(1), 73–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elsevier (2012). Scopus. Content Coverage Guide. Online document. http://files.sciverse.com/documents/pdf/ContentCoverageGuide-jan-2013.pdf Accessed 15 July 2013.

  • Eysenbach, G. (2011). Can tweets predict citations? Metrics of social impact based on Twitter and correlation with traditional metrics of scientific impact. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), e123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Figueiredo, F., Pinto, H., Belém, F., Almeida, J., Gonçalves, M., Fernandes, D., et al. (2013). Assessing the quality of textual features in social media. Information Processing and Management, 49(1), 222–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrum, A. A., McCain, K. W., Lawrence, S., & Giles, C. L. (2001). Scholarly publishing in the Internet age: A citation analysis of computer science literature. Information Processing and Management, 37, 661–675.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gu, F., & Widén-Wulff, G. (2011). Scholarly communication and possible changes in the context of social media: A Finnish case study. The Electronic Library, 29(6), 762–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haustein, S., Peters, I., Bar-Ilan, J., Priem, J., Hadas, S., & Terliesner, J. (2013). Coverage and adoption of altmetrics sources in the bibliometric community. In Proceeding of 14th International Society of Scientometrics and Informatics Conference (pp. 468–483). Vienna, 16th–19th July 2013.

  • Haustein, S., & Siebenlist, T. (2011). Applying social bookmarking data to evaluate journal usage. Journal of Informetrics, 5, 446–457. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2011.04.002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacso, P. (2005). As we may search—Comparison of major features of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar citation-based and citation-enhanced databases. Current Science, 89(9), 1537–1547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamali, H. R., & Nicholas, D. (2010). Interdisciplinarity and the information-seeking behavior of scientists. Information Processing and Management, 46(2), 233–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalay, Y. E. (2008). Impacts of new media on scholarly publishing. Policy Futures in Education, 6(1), 122–131. doi:10.2304/pfie.2008.6.1.122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kousha, K., & Thelwall, M. (2006). Motivations for URL citations to open access library and information science articles. Scientometrics, 68(3), 501–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kousha, K., & Thelwall, M. (2007). Google Scholar citations and Google/Web/URL citations: A multi-discipline exploratory analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(7), 1055–1065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kousha, K., & Thelwall, M. (2008). Assessing the impact of research on teaching: An automatic analysis of online syllabuses in science and social sciences. Journal of the American Society of Information Science and Technology, 59(13), 2060–2069.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kousha, K., & Thelwall, M. (2009). Google book search: Citation analysis for social science and the humanities. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(8), 1537–1549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kousha, K., & Thelwall, M. (2014). Web impact metrics for research assessment. In B. Cronin & C. Sugimoto (Eds.), Beyond bibliometrics: Harnessing multidimensional indicators of scholarly impact. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kousha, K., Thelwall, M., & Rezaie, S. (2010). Using the web for research evaluation: The integrated online impact indicator. Journal of Informetrics, 4(1), 124–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., Thelwall, M., & Giustini, D. (2012). Validating online reference managers for scholarly impact measurement. Scientometrics, 91(2), 461–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., Thelwall, M., Wilkinson, D., & Musgrove, P. (2005). National and international university departmental web site interlinking. Scientometrics, 64(2), 151–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z. (2003). Trends in transforming scholarly communication and their implications. Information Processing and Management, 39(6), 889–898.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mas-Bleda, A., & Aguillo, I. (2013). Can a personal website be useful as an information source to assess individual scientists? The case of European highly cited researchers. Scientometrics, 96(1), 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mas-Bleda, A. Thelwall, M., Kousha, K., & Aguillo, I. (2013). European highly cited scientists’ presence in the social Web (pp. 1966–1969). In Proceeding of 14th International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics Conference (pp. 1966–1967). Vienna, Austria.

  • Mas-Bleda, A., Thelwall, M., Kousha, K., & Aguillo, I. (2014). Successful researchers publicizing research online: an outlink analysis of European highly cited scientists’ personal websites. Journal of Documentation, 70(1), 148–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menendez, M., Angeli, A. de, & Menestrina, Z. (2012). Exploring the virtual space of academia. In 10th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems (pp. 49–63). http://coop-2012.grenoble-inp.fr/pdf_papers/menendez_25.pdf. Accessed March 1, 2013.

  • Moed, H. F. (2005). Statistical relationships between downloads and citations at the level of individual documents within a single journal. Journal of the American Society of Information Science and Technology, 56(10), 1088–1097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moed H. F., & Visser M. S. (2008). Appraisal of citation data sources. A report to HEFCE (Higher Education Funding Council for England) by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies. Leiden: Leiden University.

  • Mohammadi, E., & Thelwall, M. (2013). Assessing the Mendeley readership of social sciences and humanities research. In Proceeding of 14th International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics Conference (pp. 200–214). Vienna, Austria.

  • Neylon, C., & Wu. S. (2009). Article-level metrics and the evolution of scientific impact. PLoS Biol, 7(11). doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000242.

  • Ortega, J. L., & Aguillo, I. (2009). Mapping world-class universities on the web. Information Processing and Management, 45(2), 272–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega, J. L., Aguillo, I., Cothey, V., & Scharnhorst, A. (2008). Maps of the academic web in the European Higher Education Area—An exploration of visual web indicators. Scientometrics, 74(2), 295–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitzek, S. (2002). Impact of online-availability of science literature. Online document. http://www.vmars.tuwien.ac.at/courses/proseminar/doc/paperserver.pdf. Accessed March 7, 2013.

  • Polydoratou, P., & Moyle, M. (2009). Exploring aspects of scientific publishing in astrophysics and cosmology: The views of scientists. In M.-A. Sicilia & M. D. Lytras (Eds.), Metadata and semantics (pp. 179–190). United States: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ponte, D., & Simon, J. (2011). Scholarly communication 2.0: Exploring researchers’ opinions on Web 2.0 for scientific knowledge creation, evaluation and dissemination. Serials Review, 37(3), 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.serrev.2011.06.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priem, J., & Hemminger, B. M. (2010). Scientometrics 2.0: Toward new metrics of scholarly impact on the social Web. First Monday, 15(7). Online document, http://firstmonday.org/article/viewArticle/2874/2570. Accessed 19 March 2013.

  • Priem, J., Parra, C., Piwowar, H., Groth, P., & Waagmeester, A. (2012). Uncovering impacts: a case study in using altmetrics tools. In Second International Conference on the Future of Scholarly Communication and Scientific Publishing. Heraklion, Greece. http://jasonpriem.org/self-archived/altmetrics-sepublica-cameraready.pdf. Accessed March 19, 2013.

  • Priem, J., Piwowar, H. A, &Hemminger, B.M. (2011). Altmetrics in the wild: An exploratory study of impact metrics based on social media. http://altmetrics.org/altmetrics12/priem/. Accessed March 19, 2013.

  • Priem, J., Taraborelli, D., Groth, P., & Neylon, C. (2010). Alt-Metrics: A Manifesto. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/. Accessed March 19, 2013.

  • Procter, R., Williams, R., Stewart, J., Poschen, M., Snee, H., Voss, A., et al. (2010). Adoption and use of Web 2.0 in scholarly communications. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A, 368(1926), 4039–4056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowlands, I., Nicholas, D., Russell, B., Canty, N., & Watkinson, A. (2011). Social media use in the research workflow. Learned Publishing, 24(3), 183–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J., Ainsworth, S., & Díaz-Aguilar, J. (2012). Web visibility or wasted opportunity? Case studies from Mexican research institutes. ASLIB Proceedings, 64(1), 67–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shema, H., Bar-Ilan, J., & Thelwall, M. (2012). Research blogs and the discussion of scholarly information. PLoS One, 7(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035869.

  • Shingareva, I., & Lizárraga-Celaya, C. (2012). Relevant changes in scientific publishing in mathematics and physics. Publishing Research Quarterly, 28(4), 294–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. G., (2004). Web links as analogues of citations. Information Research, 9(4). Online document. http://informationr.net/ir/9-4/paper188.html. Accessed Oct 20, 2012.

  • Taraborelli, D. (2008). Soft peer review: social software and distributed scientific evaluation. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems (pp. 99–110). France. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/8279/1/8279.pdf. Accessed March 2, 2013.

  • Thelwall, M., & Harries, G. (2004). Do the web sites of higher rated scholars have significantly more online impact? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(2), 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thelwall, M., Haustein, S., Larivière, V., & Sugimoto, C. (2013). Do altmetrics work? Twitter and ten other candidates. PLoS One, 8(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064841.

  • Thelwall, M., & Kousha, K. (2008). Online presentations as a source of scientific impact?: An analysis of PowerPoint files citing academic journals. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(5), 805–815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thelwall, M., & Kousha, K. (2014). Academia.edu: Social network or academic network? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 65(4), 721–731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thelwall, M., & Smith, A. (2002). Interlinking between Asia-Pacific university web sites. Scientometrics, 55(3), 363–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thelwall, M., & Sud, P. (2011). A comparison of methods for collecting web citation data for academic organizations. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(8), 1488–1497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thelwall, M., Sud, P., & Wilkinson, D. (2012). Link and co-inlink network diagrams with URL citations or title mentions. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(4), 805–816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thelwall, M., & Zuccala, A. (2008). A university-centred European Union link analysis. Scientometrics, 75(3), 407–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson Reuters (2012). Methodology for identifying highly-cited researchers. http://www.highlycited.com/methodology/. Accessed February 17, 2013.

  • Torres-Salinas, D., Ruiz-Pérez, R., & Delgado-López-Cózar, E. (2009). Google Scholar como herramienta para la evaluación científica. El profesional de la información, 18(5), 501–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Leeuwen, T. N., Moed, H. F., Tijssen, R. J. W., Visser, M. S., & van Raan, A. F. J. (2001). Language biases in the coverage of the Science Citation Index and its consequences for international comparisons of national research performance. Scientometrics, 51(1), 335–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, L., & Shaw, D. (2004). Can web citations be a measure of impact? An investigation of journals in the life sciences. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 41(1), 516–526. doi:10.1002/meet.1450410160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, L., & Shaw, D. (2005). Web citation data for impact assessment: A comparison of four science disciplines. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56(10), 1075–1087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinkler, P. (1987). A Quasi-quantitative citation model. Scientometrics, 12(1–2), 47–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, A. B. (2009). Comparing citations and downloads for individual articles. Journal of Vision, 9(4). http://www.journalofvision.org/content/9/4/i. Accessed July 2, 2012.

  • Wilkinson, D., Harries, G., Thelwall, M., & Price, E. (2003). Motivations for academic web site interlinking: Evidence for the web as a novel source of information on informal scholarly communication. Journal of Information Science, 29(1), 49–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wouters, P., & Costas, R. (2012). Users, narcissism and controltracking the impact of scholarly publications in the 21st century. Netherlands. SURFfoundation [report]. http://www.surf.nl/en/publicaties/Pages/Users_narcissism_control.aspx. Accessed March 6, 2013.

  • Ynalvez, M., Duque, R. B., Mbatia, P., Sooryamoorthy, R., Palackal, A., & Shrum, W. (2005). When do scientists “adopt” the Internet? Dimensions of connectivity in developing areas. Scientometrics, 63(1), 39–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahedi, Z, Costas, R. & Wouters, P. (2013). How well developed are Altmetrics? Cross-disciplinary analysis of the presence of ‘alternative metrics’ in scientific publications. In 14th International Society of Scientometrics and Informatics Conference (p. 876–884). Vienna, Austria.

  • Zhao, D. (2005). Challenges of scholarly publications on the Web to the evaluation of science -A comparison of author visibility on the Web and in print journals. Information Processing & Management, 41(6), 1403-1418.

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by ACUMEN (Academic Careers Understood through Measurement and Norms) project, grant agreement number 266632, under the Seventh Framework Program of the EU. It is an extended version of a conference poster that focused on the first research questions (Mas-Bleda et al. 2013). The authors thank Judit Bar-Ilan her valuable comments on this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amalia Mas-Bleda.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 4.

Table 4 Distribution by country of 1,517 highly cited researchers working at European institution

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mas-Bleda, A., Thelwall, M., Kousha, K. et al. Do highly cited researchers successfully use the social web?. Scientometrics 101, 337–356 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1345-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1345-0

Keywords

Navigation