Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical sensor has been developed based on reduced graphene oxide/Co3O4 (rGO/Co3O4) nanocomposites (NCs) synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. The developed sensor was used to determine the Dopamine Acid (DA) and Uric Acid (UA). The structure, morphology, band gap and composition of NCs was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, UV–Vis-Diffuse reflectance, FT-IR, Raman and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. rGO/Co3O4 NCs exhibited better electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of DA and UA in solution with phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. For individual determination, the oxidation peak currents were linearly increased with the concentration of DA and UA in the ranges of 0.5–10 μM and 100 μM–1 mM, respectively. The detection limit of DA and UA was estimated to be 0.176 μM and 1.31 μM, respectively, with (S/N = 3). The fabricated modified electrode displayed an excellent anti-interference ability against 100-fold higher concentration of potential interferent species and metal ions with good stability and reproducibility. Results show that the developed sensor has a potential to determine the target analytes in real samples with satisfactory efficiency.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M.I. Katsnelson, I.V. Grigorieva, S.V. Dubonos, A. Firsov, Nature 438, 197 (2005)
A.K. Geim, K.S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater. 6, 183 (2007)
A. Reina, X.T. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H.B. Son, V. Bulovic, M.S. Dresselhaus, J. Kong, Nano Lett. 9, 30 (2009)
C. Hu, T. Lu, F. Chen, R. Zhang, J. Chin. Adv. Mater. Soc. 1, 21 (2013)
Z. Wang, X. Zhou, J. Zhang, F. Boey, H. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 14071 (2009)
V.K. Rana, M.C. Choi, J.Y. Kong, G.Y. Kim, M.J. Kim, S.H. Kim, S. Mishra, R.P. Singh, C.S. Ha, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 296, 131 (2011)
X. Wang, L. Zhi, K. Mullen, Nano Lett. 8, 323 (2008)
M.R. Karim, Y. Ikeda, T. Ide, S. Sugimoto, K. Toda, Y. Kitamura, T. Ihara, T. Matsui, T. Taniguchi, M. Koinuma, Y. Matsumoto, S. Hayami, New J. Chem. 38, 2121 (2014)
D.A.C. Brownson, C.E. Banks, Analyst 135, 2768 (2010)
M. Pumera, Chem. Rec. 9, 211 (2009)
M. Pumera, A. Ambrosi, A. Bonanni, E.L.K. Chng, H.L. Poh, Anal. Chem. 29, 954 (2010)
M.J. Allen, V.C. Tung, R.B. Kaner, Chem. Rev. 110, 132 (2010)
J. Zhao, G. Chen, L. Zhu, G. Li, Electrochem. Commun. 13, 31 (2011)
R.N. Adams, Anal. Chem. 48, 1126A (1976)
M.E. Rice, A.F. Oke, C.W. Bradberry, R.N. Adams, Brain Res. 340, 151 (1985)
W. Zhang, F. Liu, Q. Li, Q. Shou, J. Cheng, L. Zhang, B.J. Nelson, X. Zhang, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 16331 (2012)
K.R. Ratinac, W. Yang, J.J. Gooding, P. Thordarson, F. Braeta, Electroanalysis 23, 803 (2011)
D. Chen, H. Feng, J. Li, Chem. Rev. 112, 6027 (2012)
R. Madhu, B. Dinesh, S.M. Chen, R. Saraswathi, V. Mani, RSC Adv. 5, 54379 (2015)
H.W. Wang, Z.A. Hu, Y.Q. Chang, Y.L. Chen, Z.Y. Zhang, Y.Y. Yang, H.Y. Wu, Mater. Chem. Phys. 130, 672 (2011)
M.M. Shahid, P.R. Kumar, A. Pandikumar, H.N. Lim, Y.H. Ngd, N.M. Huang, J. Mater. Chem. A. 3, 14458 (2015)
A.J. Ahamed, P.V. Kumar, G. Srikesh, J. Environ. Nanotechnol. 4, 01 (2015)
J.F. Shen, Y.Z. Hu, M. Shi, N. Li, H.W. Ma, M.X. Ye, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 1498 (2010)
G.G. Kumar, M. Christy, H. Jang, K.S. Nahm, J. Power Sources 288, 451 (2015)
X. Zhang, K. Li, H. Li, J. Lu, Q. Fu, L. Zhang, J. Nanpart. Res. 18, 232 (2016)
P. Si, Y. Huang, T. Wang, J. Ma, RSC Adv. 3, 3487 (2013)
M.A. Dayton, A.G. Ewing, R.M. Wightman, Anal. Chem. 52, 2392 (1980)
J.K. Christensen, K. Keiding, L. Kryger, J. Rasmussen, H.J. Skov, Anal. Chem. 53, 1847 (1981)
F.G. Gonon, C.M. Fombarlet, M.J. Buda, J.F. Pujol, Anal. Chem. 53, 1386 (1982)
L. Falat, H.Y. Cheng, Anal. Chem. 54, 2108 (1982)
C. Karuppiah, S. Palanisamy, S.M. Chen, V. Veeramani, P. Periakaruppan, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 196, 450 (2014)
L. Pan, H. Zhao, W. Shen, X. Dong, J. Xu, J. Mater. Chem. A. 1, 7159 (2013)
L.G.J. Xiao, Q. Kuang, S. Yang, F. Xiao, S. Wang, Sci. Rep. 3, 2300 (2013)
A. Numan, M.M. Shahid, F.S. Omar, S. Rafique, S. Bashir, K. Ramesh, S. Ramesh, Microchim. Acta 184, 2739 (2017)
A. Numan, M.M. Shahid, F.S. Omar, K. Ramesh, S. Ramesh, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 238, 1043 (2017)
M.M. Shahid, A.H. Ismail, A.M.A. Abdul Amir AL-Mokaram, R. Vikneswaran, S. Ahmad, A. Hamza, A. Numan, Prog. Nat. Sci Mater 27, 582 (2017)
M.M. Shahid, P.R. Kumar, A. Pandikumar, H.N. Lim, Y.H. Ng, N.M. Huang, J. Mater. Chem. A. 3, 14458 (2015)
M.M. Shahid, A. Pandikumar, A.M. Golsheikh, N.M. Huang, H.N. Lim, RSC Adv. 4, 62793 (2014)
N.I. Kovtyukhova, P.J. Ollivier, B.R. Martin, T.E. Mallouk, S.A. Chizhik, E.V. Buzaneva, A.D. Gorchinskiy, Chem. Mater. 11, 771 (1999)
W.S. Hummers, R.E. Offeman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958)
J.D. Mhamane, A. Suryawanshi, S.M. Joshi, P. Shaikh, N. Biradar, S. Ogale, C.V. Rode, Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, 1771 (2014)
W. Yang, Z. Gao, J. Ma, J. Wang, B. Wang, L. Liu, Electrochim. Acta 112, 378 (2013)
H.J. Shin, K.K. Kim, A. Benayad, S.M. Yoon, H.K. Park, I.S. Jung, M.H. Jin, H.K. Jeong, J.M. Kim, J.Y. Choi, Y.H. Lee, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 1987 (2009)
R. Ramachandran, M. Saranya, V. Velmurugan, B.P.C. Raghupathy, S.K. Jeong, A. NirmalaGrace, Appl. Energy 153, 22 (2015)
S. Vijayakumar, A. Kiruthika Ponnalagi, S. Nagamuthu, G. Muralidharan, Electrochim. Acta 106, 500 (2013)
R. Xu, J. Wang, Q. Li, G. Sun, E. Wang, S. Li, J. Gu, M. Ju, J. Solid State Chem. 182, 3177 (2009)
J. Pal, P. Chauhan, Mater. Charact. 61, 575 (2010)
M.Y. Nassar, I.S. Ahmed, Mater. Res. Bull. 47, 2638 (2012)
S. Thiagarajan, S.M. Chen, Talanta 74, 212 (2007)
R.P. da Silva, A.W.O. Lima, S.H.P. Serrano, Anal. Chim. Acta 612, 89 (2008)
D.X. Han, T.T. Han, C.S. Shan, A. Ivaska, L. Niu, Electroanalysis 22, 2001 (2010)
C.F. Tang, S.A. Kumar, S.M. Chen, Anal. Biochem. 380, 174 (2008)
Y. Chen, L.R. Guo, W. Chen, X.J. Yang, B. Jin, L.M. Zheng, X.H. Xia, Bioelectrochemistry 75, 26 (2009)
R. Suresh, K. Giribabu, R. Manigandan, S.P. Kumar, S. Munusamy, S. Muthamizh, V. Narayanan, Synth. Met. 196, 151 (2014)
Y.-R. Kim, S. Bong, Y.-J. Kang, Y. Yang, R.K. Mahajan, J.S. Kim, H. Kim, Biosens. Bioelectron. 25, 2366 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vinodhkumar, G., Ramya, R., Potheher, I.V. et al. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/Co3O4 nanocomposite electrode material for sensor application. Res Chem Intermed 45, 3033–3051 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03777-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03777-5