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The use of electronic monitoring within tuna longline fisheries: implications for international data collection, analysis and reporting

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Abstract

Electronic monitoring (EM) consisting of on-board video imagery and on-shore analysis, offers an alternative or supplement to at-sea observer programs in commercial fisheries. In the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO), where observer coverage in most tuna longline fisheries has historically been < 5%, the advent of EM has been perceived as a tool for meeting international data collection and exchange obligations. However, the capability of EM to collect and support interpretation of records into data for all fields currently collected by at-sea observers is still under assessment. We use the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) as a case-study to evaluate the longline WCPFC regional observer programme minimum standard data fields, their current scientific application, the proportion of member countries exchanging data and the capability of EM technology to collect these fields. We identify that 78% of the longline fields can be collected with current EM technology, with 84% of these used in scientific analyses. For the 16% of fields not routinely used in scientific analyses, the introduction of EM may facilitate a sufficient increase in data availability to support their future use. Alternative tools would be required to collect fields that EM could not record to ensure data continuity and scientific rigour are not compromised. In examining the capability of EM in the context of WCPFC member state requirements under international law, we advocate for a holistic and integrated approach to the use of EM in future research and monitoring programs in both the WCPO and global longline fisheries.

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Notes

  1. The WCPFC Minimum Standard Data Fields are available from: https://www.wcpfc.int/system/files/Table-ROP-minimum%20standard%20data%20fields%20-%202016%20update_1.pdf.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank participants involved in the SPC Regional E-Monitoring Process Standards Workshops held in 2016 and 2017 who assessed the capability of electronic monitoring to collect data fields from the WCPFC ROP Minimum Standard, which we have reproduced for the 49 longline data fields in Table 1. In particular, we acknowledge the work of the EM service providers (Archipelago Asia Pacific, Digital Observer Services, Marine Instruments, Saltwater Inc. and SatLink) and Ian Knuckey from Fishwell Consulting Pty Ltd in his role as facilitator at the workshops. We also acknowledge Lee Georgeson from ABARES, Kerry Smith from AFMA, along with two anonymous reviewers and the editor who provided constructive comments on re-structuring the manuscript to improve readability and relevance. Finally, we thank Andrew Fedoruk and Matthew Piasente from Archipelago Asia Pacific for providing an insight into the capability of electronic monitoring technologies and how camera footage from Australian Commonwealth fisheries is reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES), GPO Box 858, 44 Mort Street, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Timothy J. Emery, Rocio Noriega, Ashley J. Williams, James Larcombe & Simon Nicol

  2. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Nouméa, South Province, New Caledonia

    Peter Williams, Neville Smith, Graham Pilling, Malo Hosken, Stephen Brouwer, Laura Tremblay-Boyer & Thomas Peatman

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  1. Timothy J. Emery
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  2. Rocio Noriega
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Correspondence to Timothy J. Emery.

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Emery, T.J., Noriega, R., Williams, A.J. et al. The use of electronic monitoring within tuna longline fisheries: implications for international data collection, analysis and reporting. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 28, 887–907 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-018-9533-2

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