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Mechanisms linking obesity and its metabolic comorbidities with cerebral grey and white matter changes

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Abstract

Obesity is a preventable risk factor for cerebrovascular disorders and it is associated with cerebral grey and white matter changes. Specifically, individuals with obesity show diminished grey matter volume and thickness, which seems to be more prominent among fronto-temporal regions in the brain. At the same time, obesity is associated with lower microstructural white matter integrity, and it has been found to precede increases in white matter hyperintensity load. To date, however, it is unclear whether these findings can be attributed solely to obesity or whether they are a consequence of cardiometabolic complications that often co-exist with obesity, such as low-grade systemic inflammation, hypertension, insulin resistance, or dyslipidemia. In this narrative review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential impact of obesity and a number of its cardiometabolic consequences on brain integrity, both separately and in synergy with each other. We also identify current gaps in knowledge and outline recommendations for future research.

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Fig. 1

adapted from García-García et al. [8]). B Results of a meta-analysis (18 studies, n = 4453 participants) showing that obesity was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the right genu of the corpus callosum (adapted from Daoust et al. [21], reproduced with editorial permission)

Fig. 2

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Abbreviations

BMI:

Body mass index

Cam-CAN:

Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience

FA:

Fractional anisotropy

FFA:

Free fatty acids

LBP:

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein

TG:

Triglycerides

TNF-alpha:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TOF:

Time-of-flight

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Funding

This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant number: PSI2017-8653). Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, PSI2017-8653, María Ángeles Jurado

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Isabel García-García & María Ángeles Jurado

  2. School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada

    Andréanne Michaud

  3. Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Isabel García-García & María Ángeles Jurado

  4. Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain

    María Ángeles Jurado

  5. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    Alain Dagher & Filip Morys

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  1. Isabel García-García
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Correspondence to Isabel García-García.

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García-García, I., Michaud, A., Jurado, M.Á. et al. Mechanisms linking obesity and its metabolic comorbidities with cerebral grey and white matter changes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 23, 833–843 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-021-09706-5

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