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Anticancer Potential of Syzygium Species: a Review

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Abstract

Cancer is a preventable and treatable disease, however, the incidence rates are on the rise. Classical treatment modalities for cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these are associated with detrimental side effects such as nausea and emesis. Therefore, researchers currently vest interest in complementary and alternative medicines for cancer treatment and prevention. Plants such as Syzygium sp. are a common basis of complementary medicines due to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals. Numerous natural compounds derived from Syzygium sp., such as phenolics, oleanolic acids, and betulinic acids, and dimethyl cardamonins, were reported to have anticancer effects. Many possess the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the vast potential Syzygium sp. harbours as a source of anticancer natural compounds due to its abundance, easy acceptability, affordability and safety for regular consumption.

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Abbreviations

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Bax:

Bcl-2-associated X

bcl-2:

B cell lymphoma 2

BrdU:

5-Bromo-20-deoxyuridine

CAM:

Chicken chorioallantoic membrane

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

DDW:

Double distilled water

DMBA:

7,12-Dimethyl benz(a)anthracene

DMC:

Dimethyl cardamonin

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EA:

Ethyl acetate

EAT:

Ehrlich ascites tumor

EC:

Endothelial cell

ER:

Estrogen receptor

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

GSH:

Glutathione

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

IUCN:

International Union for Conservation of Nature

MTS:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethyl thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PI:

Propidium iodide

SA:

Syzygium aromaticum

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TIMP:

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase

TUNEL:

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFA:

Vascular endothelial growth factor A

XTT:

2,3-bis[2-Methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide

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Acknowledgements

The project was supported by International Medical University, Malaysia (grant no. BMSc I/2017(10)).

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  1. Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Lee Kee Chua, Chooi Ling Lim, Anna Pick Kiong Ling, Soi Moi Chye & Rhun Yian Koh

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Chua, L.K., Lim, C.L., Ling, A.P.K. et al. Anticancer Potential of Syzygium Species: a Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 74, 18–27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0704-z

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