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Quantum secret sharing protocol using GHZ state: implementation on IBM qiskit

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Abstract

Quantum secret sharing is a way to share secret messages among several people using the quantum channel with unconditional security. Hillery et al. (Phys Rev A 59(3):1829, 1999) proposed the first quantum secret sharing protocol for three parties by using the 3-qubit GHZ states and a possible generalization of the protocol for four parties by using the 4-qubit GHZ states. Also in the same paper, they proposed a three-party secret-sharing scheme to share quantum states. Later Xiao et al. (Phys Rev A 69(5):052307, 2004) generalized the quantum secret sharing protocol for n parties to share a classical secret message. In this paper, we implement these protocols in IBM simulators as well as real backends and check security against some quantum attacks. Also, we create a noise model and simulate the protocols using the noise model. Finally, we use the zero noise extrapolation method to mitigate errors due to noise.

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No dataset is available. Graphs and histograms are generated using Python code by running quantum circuits.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very thankful to the IBM team and the IBM Q Experience project. The views developed in this work are only those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy, opinions or position of IBM or the IBM Q Experience team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cryptology and Security Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India

    Nirupam Basak & Goutam Paul

  2. Qulabs Software (India) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India

    Nayana Das & Nixon Patel

  3. Department of Physics, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India

    Kaushik Nandi

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  1. Nirupam Basak
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Basak, N., Das, N., Paul, G. et al. Quantum secret sharing protocol using GHZ state: implementation on IBM qiskit. Quantum Inf Process 22, 393 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-04129-4

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