Abstract
A novel non-line-of-sight ultraviolet single-scatter path loss model for coplanar geometries is proposed on the basis of spherical coordinate system. In comparison with the classical single-scatter analytical model based on the prolate-spheroidal coordinate system, it is of a simple integral form which only depends on the variables of the zenith and receiver elevation angles. Additionally, analytical approximation for the proposed single-scatter path loss model is presented. Numerical examples on path loss are presented for various system geometries. Correspondingly, the results are verified with the classical single-scatter analytical model, which demonstrates the validity of our path loss model and the reasonability of the analytical approximation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Reilly, D.M., Warde, C.: Temporal characteristics of single scatter radiation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 464–470 (1979)
Leuttgen, M.R., Shapiro, J.H., Reilly, D.M.: Non-line-of-sight single-scatter propagation model. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8, 1964–1972 (1991)
Elshimy, M.A., Hranilovic, S.: Non-line-of-sight single-scatter propagation model for noncoplanar geometries. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 28, 420–428 (2011)
Yin, H., Chang, S., Wang, X., Yang, J., Yang, J., Tan, J.: Analytical model of non-line-of-sight single-scatter propagation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27, 1505–1509 (2010)
Sunstein, D.E.: A scatter communications link at ultraviolet frequencies. B.S. Thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA (1968)
Xu, Z.: Approximate performance analysis of wireless ultraviolet links. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 3, pp. III577–III580 (2007)
Xu, Z., Ding, H., Sadler, B.M., Chen, G.: Analytical performance study of solar blind non-line-of-sight ultraviolet short-range communication links. Opt. Lett. 33, 1860–1862 (2008)
Ke, X.: Theory of Ultraviolet Self-organizing Network. Science Press, Beijing (2011)
Gupta, A., Noshad, M., Brandt-Pearce, M.: NLOS UV channel modeling using numerical integration and an approximate closed-form path loss model. Proc. SPIE 8517, 851709 (2012)
Wang, L., Xu, Z., Sadler, B.M.: Non-line-of-sight ultraviolet link loss in noncoplanar geometry. Opt. Lett. 35, 1263–1265 (2010)
Xiao, H., Zuo, Y., Wu, J., Guo, H., Lin, J.: Non-line-of-sight ultraviolet single-scatter propagation model. Opt. Express 19, 17864–17875 (2011)
Zuo, Y., Xiao, H., Wu, J., Li, Y., Lin, J.: A single-scatter path loss model for non-line-of-sight ultraviolet channels. Opt. Express 20, 10359–10369 (2012)
Wang, L., Xu, Z., Sadler, B.M.: An approximate closed-form link loss model for non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communication in noncoplanar geometry. Opt. Lett. 36, 1224–1226 (2011)
Zuo, Y., Xiao, H., Wu, J., Li, W., Lin, J.: Closed-form path loss model of non-line-of-sight ultraviolet single-scatter propagation. Opt. Lett. 38, 2116–2118 (2013)
Ding, H., Chen, G., Majumdar, A.K., Sadler, B.M., Xu, Z.: Modeling of non-line-of-sight ultraviolet scattering channels for communication. IEEE J. Sel. Area. Comm. 27, 1535–1544 (2009)
Yin, H., Chang, S., Jia, H., Yang, J., Yang, J.: Non-line-of-sight multiscatter propagation model. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 26, 2466–2469 (2009)
Ding, H., Xu, Z., Sadler, B.M.: A path loss model for non-line-of-sight ultraviolet multiple scattering channels. EURASIP J. Wirel. Comm. 2010, 598572 (2010)
Drost, R.J., Moore, T.J., Sadler, B.M.: UV communications channel modeling incorporating multiple scattering interactions. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 28, 686–695 (2011)
Yin, H., Jia, H., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Chang, S., Yang, J.: Vectorized polarization-sensitive model of non-line-of-sight multiple-scatter propagation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 28, 2082–2085 (2011)
Yuan, R., Ma, J., Su, P., He, Z.: An integral model of two-order and three-order scattering for non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communication in a narrow beam case. IEEE Commun. Lett. 20, 2366–2369 (2016)
Chen, G., Xu, Z., Ding, H., Sadler, B.M.: Path loss modeling and performance trade-off study for short-range non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications. Opt. Express 17, 3929–3940 (2009)
Wang, L., Li, Y., Xu, Z., Sadler, B.M.: Wireless ultraviolet network models and performance in noncoplanar geometry. In: IEEE Globecom 2010 Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications, pp. 1037–1041 (2010)
Li, Y., Ning, J., Xu, Z., Krishnamurthy, S.V., Chen G.: UVOC-MAC: a MAC protocol for outdoor ultraviolet networks. In: 18th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, pp. 72–81 (2010)
Li, Y., Wang, L., Xu, Z., Krishnamurthy, S.V.: Neighbor discovery for ultraviolet ad hoc networks. IEEE J. Sel. Area. Comm. 29, 2002–2011 (2011)
Zachor, A.S.: Aureole radiance field about a source in a scattering-absorbing medium. Appl. Opt. 17, 1911–1922 (1978)
Bucholtz, A.: Rayleigh-scattering calculations for the terrestrial atmosphere. Appl. Opt. 34, 2765–2773 (1995)
Shaw, G.A., Nischan, M.L., Iyengar, M.A., Kaushik, S., Griffin, M.K.: NLOS UV communication for distributed sensor systems. Proc. SPIE 4126, 83–96 (2000)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Innovation Fund of Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering University and by the Special Foundation Project of Taishan Scholar of Shandong Province, China. Thanks to Houfei Xiao, who is expert at ultraviolet propagation in the atmospheric channel and works in the China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China, for the exchange of ideas and technical supports.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hou, W., Liu, C., Lu, F. et al. Non-line-of-sight ultraviolet single-scatter path loss model. Photon Netw Commun 35, 251–257 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0737-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0737-5