Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Oxidation Behavior of Ta–W–Ti–Al Multialloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

  • Published:
Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics Aims and scope

In this study, Ta–W–Ti–Al multialloys were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) as a new powder metallurgy technology based on discharge activation and thermoplastic deformation process. The oxidation behavior of the as-obtained sintered alloys were investigated under 1000 and 1200°C in air atmosphere. Microstructures and phase compositions of alloys and oxides were analyzed using various analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and backscatter electron microscopy (BSE). The sintered samples possessed relative densities reaching up to 98% with achievable densification. The densities of all specimens with high Ti contents exceeded 100%, suggesting the great impact of Ti addition on liquid-phase precipitation. Intermetallic compounds were formed in Ta–W–Al alloys, and samples with high Ti contents displayed grain boundary phases rich in titanium and oxygen. The addition of Ti and Al effectively improved the oxidation resistance of the resulting alloys. A protective alumina layer was formed after oxidation at 1000°C that made oxidation kinetics of the alloys obeying pseudo-parabolic laws. At the oxidation temperature of 1200°C, Al2O3 reacted with Ta2O5 to form the AlTaO4 alloy with reduced protective effect. The mass gain in the alloys after oxidation at 1200°C for 4 h was about 7 times higher compared to processing at 1000°C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T. Laurila, K. Zeng, J.K. Kivilahti, J. Molarius, T. Riekkinen, and I. Suni, “Tantalum carbide and nitride diffusion barriers for Cu metallization,” Microelect. Eng., 60, No. 1–2, 71–80 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Li, H.S. Park, M.H. Liang, T.H. Yip, and O. Prabhakar, “Effects of Cu diffusion behaviors on electronic property of Cu/Ta/SiO2/Si structure,” Thin Sol. Films., 462, No. 3, 192–196 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Balaji, R. Govindaiah, M.K. Sharma, Y. Purushotham, A. Kumar, and T.L. Prakash, “Sintering and electrical properties of tantalum anodes for capacitor applications,” Mater. Let., 56, No. 4, 560–563 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. K. Shimizu, K. Kobayashi, G.E. Thompson, and G.C. Wood, “The apparent induction period for γ-Al2O3 development in thermal oxide films on aluminium,” Oxid. Metals, 36, No. 1–2, 1–13 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. F.J. Harvey, “High temperature oxidation of tungsten wires in O2–Ar mixtures,” Metal. Transac., 4, No. 6, 1513–1517 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Dollár and S. Dymek, “Microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of mechanically alloyed Nb3Al-based materials,” Intermetallics, 11, No. 4, 341–349 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Murayama and S. Hanada, “High temperature strength, fracture toughness and oxidation resistance of Nb–Si–Al–Ti multiphase alloys,” Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 3, No. 2, 145–156 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. V.K. Sikka and E.A. Loria, “Characteristics of a multicomponent Nb–Ti–Al alloy via industrial-scale practice,” Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, 239–240, No. 97, 745–751 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Franz Müller, Bronislava Gorr, Hans-Jürgen Christ, Hans Chen, Alexander Kauffmann, and Martin Heilmaier, “Effect of microalloying with silicon on high temperature oxidation resistance of novel refractory high-entropy alloy Ta–Mo–Cr–Ti–Al,” Mater. High Temp., 1–9 (2017).

  10. Jiaxin Li, Yuhong Chen, Yongquan Li, Zhangjun Bai, and Kang Wang, “Influence of aluminum addition on oxidation resistance of Ta–W alloy,” Powder Metal., 62, No. 5, 322–330 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Li Dan, Yi Dan-qing, Zhang Xia, and Yang Jie, “Oxidation behavior of Nb–38Ti–11Si–3Al novel high temperature alloy,” Mater. Sci. Eng. Powder Metal. [in Chinese], 11, No. 3, 149–154 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  12. V.T. Witusiewicz, A.A. Bondar, U. Hecht, J. Zollinger, V. Petyukh, O. Fomichov, V.M. Voblikov, S. Rex, “Experimental study and thermodynamic re-assessment of the binary Al–Ta system,” Intermetallics, 18, No. 1, 92–106 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Z. Lin, E.J. Lavernia, and F.A. Mohamed, “High-temperature deformation in a Ta–W alloy,” Acta Mater. 47, No. 4, 1181–1194 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Vojtech Dalibor and Popela Tomá, “Structure and high-temperature oxidation of Ti–Al–Nb and Ti–Al–Ta intermetallics,” Key Eng. Mater., 465, 227–230 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D.T. Murphy, V. Fung, and S. Schmid, “Structural Investigation of the Incommensurate Modulated Ta2O5 · Al2O3 System,” Aperiodic Crystals, Springer, Netherlands (2013).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Mitsui, H. Habazaki, K. Hashimoto, and S. Mrowec, “The sulfidation and oxidation behavior of sputterdeposited Al–Ta alloys at high temperatures,” Corros. Sci., 39, No. 1, 59–76 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Xu Liang-liang, Zhang Xia, Xiao Lai-rong, and Yi Dan-qing, “Oxidation behavior of Nb–Ti–Al alloys at high temperature,” Rare Metals Cemented Carbides [in Chinese], 34, No. 4, 6–10 (2006).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhao Yongqing, Qu Henglei, Zhu Kangying, Wu Huan, and Zhou Lian, “Oxidation and peel-off mechanisms of oxide layer of the highly stabilized β type burn resistant alloy Ti40” [in Chinese], Rare Metal Mater. Eng., 30, No. 1, 35–39 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Li Meiquan, High Temperature Corrosion of Metals [in Chinese], Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing (2001).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51464001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd, Shizuishan, 753000, China

    Bai Zhangjun & Cheng Yuewei

  2. Key Lab of Powder Material & Advanced Ceramics, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China

    Chen Yuhong, Li Lu & Li Jiaxin

Authors
  1. Bai Zhangjun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chen Yuhong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Li Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Li Jiaxin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Cheng Yuewei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bai Zhangjun.

Additional information

Published in Poroshkova Metallurgiya, Vol. 59, Nos. 11–12 (536), pp. 50–60, 2020.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhangjun, B., Yuhong, C., Lu, L. et al. Oxidation Behavior of Ta–W–Ti–Al Multialloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering. Powder Metall Met Ceram 59, 651–660 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-021-00200-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-021-00200-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation