Abstract
Background and aims
Long-term nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization could immensely alter plant-soil-microbial properties, thereby impacting the priming effect (PE). However, previous studies mostly simulated PE responses to fertilization by adding nutrient in the laboratory, which could not represent PE changes under long-term fertilization-induced ecosystem alteration. Our aim is to clarify the PE alteration in soils with long-term fertilization history in an alpine meadow.
Methods
Soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected from a 9-year field fertilization experiment (including four treatments: control, + N with urea, + P with triple superphosphate, + NP with both fertilizers), and incubated for 30 days with 13C-labeled glucose amendment (2% SOC). Plant-soil-microbial properties were measured before/after incubation.
Results
Glucose addition induced a positive PE in all soils with a range from 0.56 to 1.37 mg C g−1 soil. N fertilization did not affect PE intensity due to the microbial adaptation and fast utilization of the added glucose for metabolic needs. P fertilization caused P accumulation in soils, and decreased available N and pH. Such changes inhibited microbes, and glucose activated microbial activities, causing higher PE intensity.
Conclusion
Long-term N fertilization did not significantly affect PE, while P fertilization stimulated PE intensity. Overall, we highlight that P fertilization may induce higher risk of CO2 release, which deserves more attention when applying P fertilizers in this alpine meadow.
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Data availability
All data that support the findings of this study can be found in the article and/or Supporting Information.
Abbreviations
- PE:
-
Priming effect
- AGB:
-
Aboveground plant biomass
- BGB:
-
Belowground plant biomass
- SOC:
-
Soil organic carbon
- TN:
-
Total nitrogen
- TP:
-
Total phosphorus
- EOC:
-
Extractable organic carbon
- AN:
-
Available nitrogen
- AP:
-
Available phosphorus
- MBC:
-
Microbial biomass carbon
- MBN:
-
Microbial biomass nitrogen
- qCO2 :
-
Microbial metabolic quotient
- PLFA:
-
Phospholipid fatty acid
- G + :G-:
-
Gram-positive to gram-negative bacterial PLFAs ratio
- F:B:
-
Fungal to bacterial PLFAs ratio
- BG:
-
β-1,4-Glucosidase
- NAG:
-
β-1,4-N-Acetyl-glucosaminnidase
- PHO:
-
Phosphatase
- POX:
-
Phenol oxidase
- PER:
-
Peroxidase
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Acknowledgements
We thank the staff at the Haibei station and Dr. Zhonghua Zhang for logistic support during soil sampling. We also sincerely thank anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0801902) and the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University (2019-KF-001).
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Qin, W., Feng, J., Zhang, Q. et al. Different responses of priming effects in long-term nitrogen- and phosphorus-fertilized soils to exogenous carbon inputs. Plant Soil (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06510-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06510-3