Abstract
Aims
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are important pests in many plants, causing huge yield losses annually worldwide. Natural extracts from fungal endophytes can be used to control plant diseases and improve crop yield. Paecilomyces variotii extract (PVE) has been identified as a plant growth promoter; however, its effect on RKN control still remains unknown.
Methods
In this study, the toxicity of the PVE on M. incognita was investigated in vitro and the potential of PVE to decrease RKN infection in cucumber was assessed under greenhouse conditions.
Results
Results from the in vitro experiments showed that PVE exhibited no nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita. Moreover, PVE did not alter the developmental stages and root infection of nematodes, or the attraction of cucumber root to M. incognita. In the greenhouse experiments, cucumber treated with PVE at 1.0, 10 and 100 ng/mL had significantly higher plant height and greater fresh weight compared to the inoculated control. Meanwhile, treatment with PVE at three tested concentrations displayed high biocontrol potential against M. incognita. Compared with the inoculated control, the population of M. incognita in the soil and in cucumber roots after PVE treatments was significantly reduced, and nematode development was significantly inhibited. The root-knot indexes after treatment with PVE at 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL were 2.3, 2.7 and 2.0, with the control effect of 66.7%, 61.9% and 71.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the control effect of PVE was significantly greater than that of the commercial control oligosaccharins (23.8%).
Conclusions
Taken together, these results provided a basis for further exploration of PVE, a natural extract that could be used as a component of integrated nematode control programs to manage RKN in cucumber.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Thank you to research technicians. Thanks to Dr. Shouan Zhang for providing feedback on initial drafts.
Funding
This work was supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2021MC065), Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology System Peanut Innovation Team, China (SDAIT-04–08), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601661).
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KQ and XJ conceived and designed research. HL, YL and GF conducted experiments and analyzed data. All authors contributed with the discussion of the results. KQ and XJ supervised the research. KQ and SZ wrote the paper. All authors read and approved this manuscript.
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Fu, G., Liu, H., Li, Y. et al. Evaluation of the biocontrol potential of a natural extract from Paecilomyces variotii against Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber. Plant Soil 488, 431–441 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05982-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05982-z