Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the effect of Serendipita indica, an endophytic fungus, inoculation of different wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars on the rhizosphere physical quality.
Methods
S. indica inoculated and uninoculated seedlings of wheat cultivars (Roshan, Ghods, Kavir and Pishtaz) were grown in rhizoboxes. Plants were harvested and intact samples were taken from the rhizosphere to measure soil organic carbon (SOC), hot-water soluble carbohydrates (HWSC), carbon mineralization rate (CMR), water repellency index (RI) by the sorptivity method, and aggregate stability by the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method. Root mucilages of inoculated and uninoculated seedlings were also collected for measuring total polysaccharides (TPmucilage).
Results
The SOC, HWSC, and RI were increased by 146, 83, and 40% and CMR was decreased by 56% in planted treatments, which consequently increased the HEMC aggregate stability indices. S. indica increased SOC, HWSC, RI, and structural stability, and improved the physical quality especially in soil with Roshan and Ghods, which had more extensive root distributions and higher TPmucilage. The changes of soil-physical and hydraulic properties among different wheat cultivars imply that both quantitative and qualitative properties of root exudates have significant effects on soil quality. Soil with Roshan had the highest SOC, HWSC, and root distribution and the lowest aggregate stability. However, soil with Ghods had almost the same SOC and HWSC, but it had the highest stability indices.
Conclusion
S. indica inoculation of different wheat cultivars, by increasing SOC and inducing water repellency in the rhizosphere, can improve the aggregate stability and soil physical quality.
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Abbreviations
- SOC:
-
Soil organic carbon (g kg−1)
- HEMC:
-
High energy moisture characteristic (−)
- RCP:
-
Root colonization percentage (%)
- HWSC:
-
Hot-water soluble carbohydrates (g kg−1)
- CMR:
-
Carbon mineralization rate (μmol C g−1 soil h−1)
- TPmucilage :
-
Total polysaccharides concentration of root mucilage (mg g−1 DW)
- S W :
-
Sorptivity of water (cm s−0.5)
- S E :
-
Sorptivity of ethanol (cm s−0.5)
- RI:
-
Water repellency index ( −)
- β :
-
Soil-water contact angle (°)
- h :
-
Soil matric suction (hPa)
- VDPSW and VDPFW :
-
Volume of drainable pores of slow-wetted and fast-wetted aggregates, respectively (g g−1)
- h modal-SW and h modal-FW :
-
Modal suctions [h at the peak of dθ/dh] of slow-wetted and fast-wetted aggregates, respectively (hPa)
- SI:
-
Structural index (hPa−1)
- SR:
-
Stability ratio (−)
- dθ/dh :
-
Specific water capacity function (hPa−1)
- θ r :
-
Pseudo residual water content (g g−1)
- θ s :
-
Pseudo saturated water content (g g−1)
- α :
-
Scaling parameter of HEMC (hPa−1)
- n :
-
Shape parameter of HEMC (−)
- A, B and C :
-
Quadratic coefficients in the modified van Genuchten model (hPa−2, hPa−1 and g g−1)
- VDPR:
-
Ratio of fast-wetting to slow-wetting VDP values (−)
- S i :
-
Slope at the inflection point of HEMC (hPa−1)
- h i :
-
Matric suction at the inflection point of HEMC (hPa)
- S iR:
-
Ratio of fast-wetting to slow-wetting Si values (−)
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance (−)
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Prof. Bahram Sharifnabi of Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, for providing the S. indica inoculum. We greatly acknowledge the kindness of Prof. Mary Beth Kirkham (Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA) for reading the manuscript and English improvement.
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This project was funded by Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and Isfahan University of Technology as a postdoctoral research fellowship (proposal No. 97005904) to the first author.
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Dr. Fatemeh Hosseini conducted experiments and wrote the draft of the manuscript. Prof. Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi supervised the work and contributed to the paper writing. Both authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Hosseini, F., Mosaddeghi, M.R. Effects of Serendipita indica inoculation of four wheat cultivars on hydraulic properties and aggregate stability of a calcareous soil. Plant Soil 469, 347–367 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05142-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05142-1