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Metabolomic analysis of night-released soybean root exudates under high- and low-K conditions

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Abstract

Aims

Root exudates of soybean grown under low-, normal-, and high-K+ conditions were evaluated using metabolomics.

Methods

Two soybean cultivars, ‘Satonohohoemi’ (low-K-tolerant) and ‘Tachinagaha’ (low-K sensitive), were hydroponically grown with 6 (K6), 60 (K60), and 120 (K120) mg K L−1 for 7 and 14 days after transplanting (DAT). Root exudates were collected, and metabolites were evaluated using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Results

Rroot K concentration was lower in K6 and higher in K120 compared to K60. Number of metabolites detected in ‘Satonohohoemi’ and ‘Tachinagaha’ was 43 and 39, respectively. Score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear grouping of the root exudate metabolites based one three K concentrations and two sampling times, with the first PCA accounting for 65.7% and 71.5% of the variance for the ‘Satonohohoemi’ and ‘Tachinagaha’, respectively. High-K conditions enhanced release of root exudate metabolites to rhizosphere in both soybean cultivars from 18% to 42%. However, low-K conditions resulted in a 1.2-fold increase and a 2.5-fold decrease in the release of root exudate metabolites in ‘Tachinagaha’ and ‘Satonohohoemi’, respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT.

Conclusions

These results reveal that soybean roots exude many metabolites in response to high- and low-K conditions. The number of increased metabolites was higher after long-term (14 DAT) compared to that of the short-term (7 DAT) of exposure of high- and low-K conditions. Soybean cultivars differ in the capacity to release metabolites by altering the exudation of specific metabolites for a better adaptation to the high- and low-K conditions.

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Abbreviations

DAT:

Days After Transplanting

CE-TOF MS:

Capillary Electrophoresis Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

PCA:

Principal Component Analysis

K:

Potassium

GlcNAc:

N-Acetylglucosamine

JA:

Jasmonic Acid

AICAR:

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 15H02438 and 19H01169) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan

    Tantriani, Weiguo Cheng, Akira Oikawa & Keitaro Tawaraya

  2. Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

    Takuro Shinano

  3. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Kazuki Saito

  4. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Benito Heru Purwanto

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  1. Tantriani
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  2. Takuro Shinano
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  3. Weiguo Cheng
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  4. Kazuki Saito
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  5. Akira Oikawa
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Contributions

Tantriani, KT, TS, AO designed the study and performed the experiments. Tantriani, KT, TS, WC, KS, AO, and BH analyzed the data. Tantriani and KT wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Keitaro Tawaraya.

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Tantriani, Shinano, T., Cheng, W. et al. Metabolomic analysis of night-released soybean root exudates under high- and low-K conditions. Plant Soil 456, 259–276 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04715-w

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