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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in forest plant roots are simultaneously shaped by host characteristics and canopy-mediated light availability

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Abstract

Background and aims

The majority of terrestrial plant species associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, to exchange carbon compounds with nutrients. However, the factors that determine the composition of AM fungal communities in individual plant roots remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that AM fungal communities are simultaneously influenced by environmental conditions, such as light availability, and the photosynthetic capacity of host plant species.

Methods

We sampled individuals of shade-tolerant and shade-avoidant plant species, growing in the presence and absence of forest canopy, representing conditions of low and high light availability. We recorded photosynthetic parameters, shoot biomass and root AM fungal colonisation of these plant individuals and used 454-sequencing to characterise AM fungal communities in the roots of these plants.

Results

Shade-avoidant plant species increased their photosynthetic capacity more than shade-tolerant plant species as a response to increased light availability due to canopy removal. Root AM fungal colonisation of all plants was higher when the forest canopy was absent, but canopy status had little influence on AM fungal richness in plant roots. The composition of AM fungal communities associating with shade-tolerant plants was significantly influenced by canopy status, while a less pronounced difference was observed among shade-avoidant plants.

Conclusions

We suggest that both environmental conditions and the ability of plant species to exploit available resources determine the dynamics of mutualistic associations between host plant species and AM fungal taxa.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Annika Uibopuu for measuring AM fungal colonisation in plant roots and Marina Semchenko for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by Estonian Research Council (grants IUT20-28, PUTJD78), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange) and European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no GA-2010-267243 – PLANT FELLOWS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia

    Kadri Koorem, Ingmar Tulva, John Davison, Teele Jairus, Maarja Öpik, Martti Vasar, Martin Zobel & Mari Moora

  2. Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands

    Kadri Koorem

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  1. Kadri Koorem
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  2. Ingmar Tulva
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  3. John Davison
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  7. Martin Zobel
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Correspondence to Kadri Koorem.

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Responsible Editor: Jeff R. Powell .

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Koorem, K., Tulva, I., Davison, J. et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in forest plant roots are simultaneously shaped by host characteristics and canopy-mediated light availability. Plant Soil 410, 259–271 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3004-0

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