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Forms and fluxes of potential plant-available silicon in irrigated lowland rice production (Laguna, the Philippines)

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Abstract

Background and aims

Silicon (Si) is beneficial for rice plants. It increases their resistance against pests and diseases. Although Si uptake of rice crops is often higher than nitrogen uptake, studies on forms and fluxes of plant-available Si in paddy systems are scarce.

Methods

In 2011/12 we assessed acetate-, oxalate-, and carbonate-extractable Si in topsoil (i.e., Si forms that contribute to the pool of ‘readily soluble Si’) and related them to plant-Si-uptake (n = 10 paddies; Laguna region; Philippines). In the wet season 2013, we determined changes in (i) plant-Si-uptake, (ii) dissolved Si (dSi) and (iii) acetate-extractable Si in topsoils in a high temporal resolution (n = 5 paddies, every ~10 days), and assessed dSi fluxes via irrigation, rain, drainage and percolation (n = 3 paddies).

Results

Si storage in plants at harvest was 0.73 ± 0.12 Mg ha−1 (>78 % in straw), and not related to different Si forms in topsoils. Large stocks of carbonate-extractable Si (2–29 Mg ha−1) suggest an accumulation of ‘phytoliths’ (amorphous Si oxides in straw) in topsoil due to irrigation. Acetate-extractable Si in topsoils hardly changed during plant growth, suggesting dSi and absorded Si was continuously contributed by irrigation and phytolith dissolution.

Conclusions

Geo-/pedologic conditions, irrigation, and straw management are major determinants on Si storage and fluxes in irrigated rice paddies.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been partially sponsored by the LEGATO project of the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) and by the Global Rice Science Partnership (management of the IRRI site). We thank Josef Settele for coordinating the LEGATO project. Angelee Fame Ramal managed the IRRI site. Antonio Salamation helped during the paddy work. We thank Alexandra Boritzki, Claudia Hoffmann-Jäniche, Andreas Rämmler, Jutta Fröhlich, Aleksey Prays and Susanne Horka for the help in the laboratory, Sylvia Villareal for the help with the sample transport, and Klaus Kaiser for valuable comments on the manuscript. We furthermore thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences – Soil Science, University of Halle, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    T. Klotzbücher, F. Leuther & R. Jahn

  2. Department of Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    A. Marxen & D. Vetterlein

  3. International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines

    F. G. Horgan

Authors
  1. T. Klotzbücher
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  2. F. Leuther
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  3. A. Marxen
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  4. D. Vetterlein
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  5. F. G. Horgan
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  6. R. Jahn
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Klotzbücher.

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Responsible Editor: Yong Chao Liang.

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Klotzbücher, T., Leuther, F., Marxen, A. et al. Forms and fluxes of potential plant-available silicon in irrigated lowland rice production (Laguna, the Philippines). Plant Soil 393, 177–191 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2480-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2480-y

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