Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) which belongs to family Lythraceae, is one of the most important fruit crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. A high variability in fruit color is observed among different pomegranate accessions, which arises from the qualitative and quantitative differences in anthocyanins. However, the mechanism of fruit color variation is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the red color mutation between a red-skinned pomegranate ‘Hongbaoshi’ and a purple-red-skinned cultivar ‘Moshiliu’, by using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. A total of 51 anthocyanins were identified from fruit peels, among which 3-glucoside and 3,5-diglucoside of cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), and pelargonidin (Pg) were dominant. High proportion of Pg in early stages of ‘Hongbaoshi’ but high Dp in late stages of ‘Moshiliu’ were characterized. The unique high levels of Cy and Dp anthocyanins accumulating from early developmental stages accounted for the purple-red phenotype of ‘Moshiliu’. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an early down-regulated and late up-regulated of anthocyanin-related structure genes in ‘Moshiliu’ compared with ‘Hongbaoshi’. Alao, ANR was specially expressed in ‘Hongbaoshi’, with extremely low expression levels in ‘Moshiliu’. For transcription factors R2R3-MYB, the profiles demonstrated a much higher transcription levels of three subgroup (SG) 5 MYBs and a sharp decrease in expression of SG6 MYB LOC116202527 in high-anthocyanin ‘Moshiliu’. SG4 MYBs exhibited two entirely different patterns, LOC116203744 and LOC116212505 were down-regulated whereas LOC116205515 and LOC116212778 were up-regulated in ‘Moshiliu’ pomegranate. The results indicate that specific SG members of the MYB family might promote the peel coloration in different manners and play important roles in color mutation in pomegranate.
Key message
Integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data identified differentially anthocyanins, expressed structural genes and R2R3-MYB genes from SG4, SG5, and SG6, revealing the color variation in red and purple-red pomegranate.
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Data availability
The RNA-seq data in this study have been deposited into the NCBI Sequnece Read Archive (SRA) database under the BioProject with accession number PRJNA952822 for ‘Hongbaoshi’ and PRJNA990934 for ‘Moshiliu’.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Zhaoxiang Hao and Ying Chen of Zaozhuang Pomegranate Research Center for their help with the preparation of pomegranate samples.
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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901341), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu High Education Institutions (PAPD), and China Scholarship Council (202208320188).
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XZ and YZ conceived and designed the experimens; XZ and YF performed the experiments; DK conducted the data analysis; XZ wrote the manuscript; YT and YZ revised the manuscript. All authos have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Zhao, X., Feng, Y., Ke, D. et al. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles reveal fruit peel color variation in two red pomegranate cultivars. Plant Mol Biol 114, 51 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-024-01446-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-024-01446-9