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Vacuolar membrane structures and their roles in plant–pathogen interactions

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Short review focussing on the role and targeting of vacuolar substructure in plant immunity and pathogenesis.

Abstract

Plants lack specialized immune cells, therefore each plant cell must defend itself against invading pathogens. A typical plant defense strategy is the hypersensitive response that results in host cell death at the site of infection, a process largely regulated by the vacuole. In plant cells, the vacuole is a vital organelle that plays a central role in numerous fundamental processes, such as development, reproduction, and cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. It shows divergent membranous structures that are continuously transforming. Recent technical advances in visualization and live-cell imaging have significantly altered our view of the vacuolar structures and their dynamics. Understanding the active nature of the vacuolar structures and the mechanisms of vacuole-mediated defense responses is of great importance in understanding plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the vacuole and its internal structures, as well as their role in plant–microbe interactions. There is so far limited information on the modulation of the vacuolar structures by pathogens, but recent research has identified the vacuole as a possible target of microbial interference.

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Acknowledgements

We are very thankful to Melodie B. Plourde for critical review of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by a NSERC Grant No. RGPIN/435870-2013 and Canada Research Chair number 950-231790.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada

    Mst Hur Madina, Md Saifur Rahman & Hugo Germain

  2. Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada

    Huanquan Zheng

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  1. Mst Hur Madina
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  2. Md Saifur Rahman
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  3. Huanquan Zheng
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  4. Hugo Germain
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Contributions

Conceptualization: MHM, HZ, HG. Data curation: MHM, MSR, HZ, HG. Funding acquisition: HG. Methodology: MHM, MSR, HG. Project administration: HZ, HG. Resources: HG. Software: MSR, HG. Supervision: HZ, HG. Validation: MHM, MSR, HZ, HG. Visualization: MHM, HG. Writing—original draft: MHM, MSR, HG. Writing—review & editing: HZ, HG.

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Correspondence to Hugo Germain.

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Supplementary material 1 Video S1. Uneven distribution of a marker protein on the bulb surface in Arabidopsis. Video of 3-D confocal images of leaf epidermal cell expressing Mlp124357-GFP showing a clear view of an uneven protein distribution of markers on bulbs in a single cell. The Mlp124357, an effector of Melampsora larici-populina, was cloned in fusion with GFP and stably transformed into wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis. Live-cell imaging was performed by laser scanning confocal microscopy of leaf epidermal cells of 4-days old plants. The GFP was excited at 488 nm and green fluorescence was collected at 505-525 nm. Scale bar = 10 µm. The color gradient reflect the depth. (MP4 4425 kb)

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Madina, M.H., Rahman, M.S., Zheng, H. et al. Vacuolar membrane structures and their roles in plant–pathogen interactions. Plant Mol Biol 101, 343–354 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-019-00921-y

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